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The Synoptic Problem

- newmanlib.ibri.org -. The Synoptic Problem. Robert C. Newman. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks. What is the Synoptic Problem?. - newmanlib.ibri.org -. Synoptic means " looking together. " Matthew, Mark & Luke are very similar. John is rather different.

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The Synoptic Problem

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  1. - newmanlib.ibri.org - The Synoptic Problem Robert C. Newman Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  2. What is the Synoptic Problem? - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Synoptic means "looking together." • Matthew, Mark & Luke are very similar. • John is rather different. • How are the Synoptic Gospels related? • How explain their similarities? • How explain their differences? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  3. What is the Synoptic Problem? - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Synoptics are unusually similar: • 3 years ministry, only a few hours given • 100s healed, just a few narrated • Those who reject Gospels claim: • Similarities due to copying • Differences due to: • Intentional changes • Authors unaware of each other Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  4. - newmanlib.ibri.org - The Phenomena of the Synoptic Problem Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  5. The Phenomena of the Synoptic Problem - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Verbal agreements & differences • Differences in order of events • Overlap & uniqueness of content Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  6. Verbal Agreements & Differences - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Sample – the Parable of the Sower • Alford's summary: The phenomena presented will be much as follows: first, perhaps, we shall have three, five or more [words] identical, then as many wholly distinct, then two clauses or more, expressed in the same words but differing order; then a clause contained in one or two and not in the third [Gospel]; then several words identical; then a clause not only wholly distinct, but apparently inconsistent… Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  7. Verbal Agreements & Differences - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Book – unique – agree w 2 – agree w 1 • Mark 40% 22% 38% • Matt 56% 14% 30% • Luke 67% 12% 21% Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  8. Differences in Order - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Order is mainly the same. • Check any Synopsis. • Some differences do occur: • Healing Peter's m-in-law vs leper • Order of temptations • Order of cup & bread at Last Supper • Some complications • Correct text? • Same event? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  9. Overlap & Uniqueness - newmanlib.ibri.org - Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  10. Canon/Content/Sections 1 – All Four – 74 2 – 3 Synoptics – 111 3 – Mt/Lk/Jn – 22 4 – Mt/Mk/Jn – 25 5 – Mt/Lk – 82 6 – Mt/Mk – 47 7 – Mt/Jn – 7 8 – Lk/Mk – 13 9 – Lk/Jn – 21 Canon/Content/Sections 10a – Matthew – 62 10b – Mark – 19 10c – Luke – 72 10d – John - 96 Overlap & Uniqueness - newmanlib.ibri.org - Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  11. Summary on Overlap - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Almost all of Mark is in Matthew or Luke. • Matthew & Luke have much in common that is not in Mark. • Matthew & Luke have much material unique to each. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  12. - newmanlib.ibri.org - Sketch History of the Synoptic Problem Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  13. Early History - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Tatian's Diatessaron (c170) • The Canons of Eusebius (c330) • Augustine, Harmony of the Evangelists (c400) • Successive dependence Mt – Mk – Lk • Reformation Harmonies • Two different strategies • Lump or split? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  14. Modern History - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Primitive Gospel (Urevangelium) • Successive Dependence • Fragmentary • Oral Tradition • Two Document • Four Document Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  15. Primitive Gospel (Urevangelium) - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Advantages: • Common source • Might have disappeared w/ language change • Problems: • No evidence for this document • If Aramaic Matthew, why so diff from Greek? • Order differences • Apparent discrepancies • Why did Mark pick only what is in Matt & Luke? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  16. Successive Dependence - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Advantages: • No need to postulate missing documents. • Problems • Order not obvious • How verbal differences arise? • Where does later material come from? • How explain apparent discrepancies? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  17. Fragmentary - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Advantages: • Luke 1 implies many attempts. • Gospels look like series of anecdotes. • Apparently a variety of sources used. • Problems: • Often used to reduce reliability of sources. • View shares problems of Form Criticism. • Probably some merit, but needs repair. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  18. Oral Tradition - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Advantages: • Seems to have been an early oral period • But oral transmission is often very reliable • Problems: • Should not insist all sources were oral • Shorthand did exist in antiquity • Probably a combination of oral & written sources Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  19. Two & Four Document Theories - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Advantages: • Matt & Luke do follow Mark’s order. • When divergent, don’t follow each other. • Problems: • No evidence for Q, M, L. • Verbal differences peculiar for copying. • Why did Luke omit a large section of Mark? • Why did Matt follow Mark so slavishly? Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  20. A Proposed Solution - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Gospels written by traditional authors, who used both oral and written sources. • Internal evidence looks like Mark is source for Matthew & Luke, but doesn't fit order of writing. • Suggest that Matt & Luke depend on oral form of Mark, i.e. the apostolic tradition. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  21. How does this explain the similarities? - newmanlib.ibri.org - • All depend on the life of Christ, real series of historical events. • All depend on oral teaching of Apostles. • Peter (source of Mark) was their spokesman. • Both Matthew & Luke used Jesus' oral teaching materials in addition. • Perhaps the disciples memorized his teaching. • Some notes were likely used. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  22. How does this explain the differences? - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Jesus teaching was repetitive. • Some of his actions were repeated. • Witnesses emphasize different features. • Oral repetition produces variation. • Gospel writers condensed materials. • They did not know everything. • They did not use all they knew. Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  23. How does this fit with inspiration? - newmanlib.ibri.org - • Inspiration is not usually dictation. • Authors have various styles. • Consistent with approximate language… • The accounts are harmonious. • But we may not be sure how to harmonize • Inspiration is a revealed doctrine, not an inductive one. • Like sinlessness of Christ, goodness of God Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

  24. - newmanlib.ibri.org - The End But not the end of the debate! Abstracts of Powerpoint Talks

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