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Definitions

Definitions . Control – prevention of spread by removing fruits and limiting vegetative spread Eradicate – to completely remove a species from a location. Subjects. Approaches to control Mechanical Herbicides Common species. Manual and Mechanical. Hand pulling -can use volunteers

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Definitions

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  1. Definitions • Control – prevention of spread by removing fruits and limiting vegetative spread • Eradicate – to completely remove a species from a location

  2. Subjects • Approaches to control • Mechanical • Herbicides • Common species

  3. Manual and Mechanical • Hand pulling -can use volunteers -good for small infestations -can have low ecological impact -need to keep equipment clean -best for annuals or shallow rooted perennials

  4. Manual and Mechanical • Tillage/hoeing • Mowing, brush cutting, weed eating • Best for species that don’t coppice • “controls” – does not eradicate except through repeated use • Girdling – remove cambium (do not use on coppicing species) • Mulching – bark, chips, hay, hogfuel, cardboard, carpet • Flooding/drawdowns • Fire

  5. Manual or Mechanical • Soil solarization – clear or black plastic - kills tissue if around 113-131 degrees F - soil should be moist - can reduce weed populations for more than a year - not as good for rhizomatous species

  6. Waipuna • Hot foam containing sugar extracts from corn and coconut (originally hot water/steam) – not an herbicide • Expensive

  7. Grazing • Can control or encourage invasive plants • Can use cattle, goats, sheep, geese, chickens, ducks, etc. • Need to fence or pen them in • Make take several years

  8. Herbicides • Salts used in ancient times • 1902- Army Corps of Engineers, sodium arsenite • 1941 2,4,D synthesized – growth regulator • 1944 – 2,4,D used on broadleafs

  9. Mechanisms - Herbicides • Inhibit respiration • Arsenic compounds • Metallo-organics (also based on arsenics) • Phenols

  10. Mechanisms - Herbicides • Inhibit plant growth – hormone disruptors -absisic acid – no herbicides -cytokinens – no herbicides -Gibberellins – affects plant height, bud dormancy, seed germination – more of a growth regulator than herbicide

  11. Mechanisms - Herbicides Hormones, cont. • Ethylene – no herbicides • Auxins – 2,4,D (Weed B Gone) – causes excess cell division and overgrowth, good on broadleaf weeds, non-persisting, low mammalian toxicity – BUT… 2,4,5,T – better for woody plants >> +dioxin = Agent Orange

  12. Mechanisms - Herbicides • Inhibitors of biosynthetic processes • Cell division – “pre-emergent” • Nucleic acid or protein synthesis inhibitors – “pre-emergent” • Glyphosate – non-selective contact herbicide, interrupts the shikimate pathway – amino acid production pathway not found in animals – “post-emergent”

  13. Considerations • Non-target species • Use best management practices for handling concentrates • Follow ALL laws • Must post treated areas • Carefully assess site conditions, including weather • Likely cannot use volunteers

  14. Methods of Application • Foliar – spot,boom • Basal bark • Cut stump • Injected into cambium • Soil – pre-emergent http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/

  15. Reed Canary GrassPhalaris arundinacea • Rhizomatous grass • Mow 5X +/yr • Mulches (+ cardboard) • Glyphosate (2%) • Shading with plantings

  16. English IvyHedera helix • Fast-growing ground cover • Remove vertical vines first • Pull and wad vines on ground • Can use string trimmer followed by glyphosate or triclopyr

  17. Japanese KnotweedFallopia japonica • Strongly rhizomatous shrub • Very hard to kill • 2X/month mowing for 3 years • Injection – 5 ml of 100% glyphosate • Triclopyr or glyphosate

  18. Himalayan blackberryRubus armeniacus • Repeated mowing • Digging • Cut stump, treat with triclopyr or triclopyr + 2,4 - D

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