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Population of India

Population of India. Population Distribution. Population distribution is how and why population is spread across the landscape. Ganges River Great Indian Desert

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Population of India

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  1. Population of India

  2. Population Distribution Population distribution is how and why population is spread across the landscape. Ganges River Great Indian Desert Himalayan mountain range Key = over 250 ppsqkm (people per square kilometer)

  3. Population Distribution People in India largely live in rural areas as farmers on the coast, and especially in the surrounding areas of the Ganges river. This is because the land is largely flat, so is suitable for grazing animals and growing crops, the soil is fertile and there is water for irrigation, and the climate is suitable for growing crops (plenty of sun/rain), and easy access to natural resources. These farmers have large families, and four or five children is commonplace .However, more and more people are moving to cities as job opportunities arise, such as Mumbai, and cities and slums are becoming overcrowded. People live in cities such as Mumbai and Kolkata as they have natural harbors that provide trade routes and a access to food resources, and because large foreign corporations outsource work to these cities for the cheep labour. People do not live in regions like the Great Indian Desert as there is no or limited access to water, it is incredibly hot and the land is not fertile access to natural resources is limited. People also do not live in the Himalayan Mountain ranges as the climate is extreme and easy access is limited, and the land is unsuitable for growing crops and grazing. Factors Influencing population distribution: • Natural resources e.g. water, and access to them • Landscape • Climate • Land fertility (for farming)

  4. Population Diversity These factors describe the make-up of a population. These are know as demographics, and may include: • Race • Religion • Gender • Age • Culture • Education

  5. Population Diversity • India has a very youthful population because firstly of the importance of children in the Hindu religion. Secondly, because in rural regions, (particularly males) provide workers on family farms, and beliefs of parents that children are necessary to take care of them when the become old . A third reason is because of the negative views on contraception, and to fight high infant mortality rates of India. There are slightly more males than females, • The main religion of India is Hinduism, with 80.5% of the population stating this religion as their main religion. This is the largest populations on Hindus in the world. India has 13.5% of the population who are Muslim, which is the 3rd largest population of Muslims in the world (after Pakistan and Indonesia). • The ethnic makeup of India is largely Indo-Aryan, with 72% of the population being this ethnicity.

  6. Population Change • Natural increase is Total Births-Total Deaths • Population Change is (Births-Deaths)±(Immigration-Emigration)

  7. Population Change • The Population of India is rapidly rising. This is because of high birth rates (22.2 births/1000 population), due to religious reasons, historical caste system where bigger families are desirable and a sign of status, and also because of negative views towards contraception. India also has low death rate (1.4 deaths/1000 population). The Indian government is combating this high birth rate by encouraging people to use contraception methods. • Factors that influence birth rates • Religion/laws/culture and traditions • Wealth • Access to food & water • Diseases living condition • Factors that influence death rates • Old age • Access to medical care • Diseases • Human action (e.g. war)

  8. Population Migration • Migration into a country is called Immigration • Migration out of a country is called Emigration • Migration can happen internally (inside the country) or externally ( people coming in/ out of country) • Most Migration in India occurs where people from rural areas move into urban areas. The problem is that most of these people having limited money, end up living in all ready over crowded slums such as Daharavi slum in Mumbai, which has a population between 600,000 and 1,000,000. The reasons people move to cities is in search of jobs, better living conditions and family reasons (e.g. arranged marriages), and infrastructure. • Most external migration is people leaving India in search of work. Large amounts of “skilled” workers are working in western countries like the United State of America as IT professionals and doctors etc. because of there high level of education and English language skills. Large amounts of “ unskilled” workers like gardeners and labourers are also moving to Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia where they can get paid more for the same work that they do in India. Origin Destination Pushes Obstacles Pulls (some Pull factors)Some migration back(some Push factors)

  9. Population Migration Pull Factors • Climate • High living standards • Political stability • Job opportunities/ economic factors Push Factors • Lack of work • Wars/ conflicts • Natural disasters • Poor living standards • Political instability.

  10. Population Sustainability • Population sustainability is how well the environment can support it’s population in the future e.g. how much water it can supply. • India’s population is not very sustainable. India has 370 ppsqkm (people per square kilometre), and large amount of over crowding in cities and slums. With 22.2 births per 1000 population, India’s population is rapidly rising. Access to clean drinking water will be strained, as most goes in to farming to crow crops. Food will also be strained as for the farming sector to grow more food it will require more water, putting even more strain on water supplies. India’s ability to house these people will also come under pressure with nearly 1 in 6 people in cities living in slums. Slums such as Dharavi are currently overcrowded, and will become even more so as the population increases. Access to already limited health care will become problematic, particularly in rural areas, such as Rajasthan and Bihar as quality health care is limited, and because of its high cost pushes people into poverty, and overcrowding in hospitals and a lack of doctors will also further the issue. Industrial pollution is also a problem as there are little control over such, and may limit India’s clean water even more. Infrastructure like roads and sewers will suffer as more people used them. India’s current population is 1.21 billion people and is projected to surpass china as the worlds most populous country in 2025, and it’s population reaching 1.6 billion in 2050

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