http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5saiPFibVKk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgZ5z6RB06c&NR=1

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5saiPFibVKk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgZ5z6RB06c&NR=1

3. The Neonate: Birth to One Month • Neonate: birth to 1 month • Physical Development: Usually weighs 7-9 lbs and is 18-22” in length • Heredity and maternal nutrition affect the weight and length of baby • Newborn infant head is ¼ of it’s entire length!

4. Neonate… • Bones are not fixed at birth for the purpose of delivery • This permits molding (sliding of the bones over one another) • Molding may cause the head to look “pointy” but will quickly disappear and become more round • 2 Soft spots (fontanels): • Anterior, or front fontanel, is diamond shaped • Closes between 1-2 yrs of age • Can see pulse here sometimes • Posterior, or back fontanel, is triangular shaped • Smaller and closes by 3rd month • Must support head! • Neck muscles weak

5. Newborn Skin • Usually loose and wrinkled and somewhat red • At birth, hands may be cyanotic (bluish) and usually pinken with a few breaths • Skin color varies first few days (temp, activity, and circulatory changes) Can look blotchy • Skin may peel • Vernix caseosa, a white waxy substance that protected the skin while in the uterus, may be in fold of skin • May also have lanugo (soft downy hair) covering body • Milia, small white bumps, are often around nose/chin and go away naturally

7. Remaining umbilical cord “stump” (1-1.5”) white/waxy look and darkens prior to falling off near the 10th day -Jaundice, yellowing of the skin, can occur first few days (liver; too much bilirubin from RBC break down) -whites of eyes yellow, urine & feces dark yellow

8. Other Physical Characteristics • Newborn’s eyes may be puffy (traumatic journey!) • Possible blisters on lips from thumb sucking • Breast/genitalia may be swollen (mother’s hormones) • Closed fists. • Tend to assume fetal position (how they were in the uterus)

9. Reflexes in the Newborn • Protective: Blinking, yawning, coughing, sneezing, withdrawing from pain • Grasping: holds onto things tightly • Rooting: will turn head towards touch on cheek • In an attempt to feed • Sucking: reflexive upon something touching lips/mouth • Consoling to the infant

10. Reflexes in Newborn • Babinski: fanning of toes (hyperextension) • Stroke sole from heel to toes • Tonic neck: (fencer position) when supine with head to side, extremities on same side straighten while the others flex • Stepping: when held upright and one foot is placed on a flat surface, the infant will put one foot in front of the other.

11. Reflexes in Newborn • Moro: Startle reflex. When the newborn is startled, they straighten, with arms and hands outward and knees flexed. Hands spread forming a “c”.

12. Neonate Development Physical (cont.) • Newborns cry for a variety of reasons (for communication) • Eat 7-8 times a day • Can see objects within 6”-8” • Brightness rather than color • Prefer high-pitched tones • How baby sees the world

13. Neonate Development • Intellectual-Cognitive Development ~ • will calm if picked up and held firmly • Tune out disturbing stimulation • By sleeping • Social Development ~ • Respond to stimulation • Establish an individual activity pattern • Responds to soft, gentle voice

14. Neonate Development • Psycho-Emotional Development ~ • Show excitement and distress • Which reflex is this newborn showing?

15. Neonate Development • Healthcare ~ • Keep warm (especially at birth) • Temp regulates respiration • Cord care • Vitamin K injection to slow bleeding from cord and “painted” with antibacterial solution • Daily care ~ avoid getting wet, apply alcohol • Medicated eye drops to prevent infection • Within an hour of birth

16. Neonate Development • Healthcare ~ • Sponge baths only…till cord falls off • Water taste test to ensure swallowing • Breastfeeding • Important that the baby nurses right away • Assist mother with breastfeeding • Assure baby has latched on and is sucking properly

17. Perfect balance of nutrients for baby Contains infection fighting antibodies Easily digested and absorbed Free Always perfect temp. Available any time/place Helps mom lose weight Anyone can feed baby AdvantagesBreastfeeding Bottle Feeding

18. Mother must be available for feeding or provide pumped milk Mother must pump if feeding is missed Uncomfortable first week Mother has to watch what she eats/drinks Leaking breasts Cost ($100-$200 month) Have to warm formula Preparation time Cleaning bottles Preparing bottles Have to carry a lot of items with you DisadvantagesBreastfeeding Bottle feeding

19. Discussion • How would you feel if you saw a woman breastfeeding? • What is your opinion of breastfeeding in public areas?

20. Circumcision • Boys are born with a hood of skin (foreskin) covering the head of the penis • Circumcision ~ surgical removal of the foreskin, exposing the head of the penis • Usually performed within the first 48 hours. • Jewish culture/8th day of life. • Common practice in USA.

21. Discussion • What are your thoughts on circumcision? • Will you have your sons circumcised?