Inter-regional Workshop on the Production of Gender Statistics

1. Inter-regional Workshop on the Production of Gender Statistics6-10 August 2007New Delhi, India Time Use Statistics Margarita F Guerrero UNESCAP Regional Adviser on Statistics

2. Elements of Time Use Data

3. What is time-use data? • who • does what • during a day • reference population • activity • time duration • number of episodes • for how long • how often • where • with whom • for whom/purpose • context

6. Objectives of Data Collection • Measurement and analysis of quality of life or general well-being • Measurement and valuation of unpaid work • Improving estimates of all forms of work • Policy analysis

7. Analyses of Time Use Data Allocation of time by activity and … • Individual characteristics: sex and … • Geographic areas (urban/rural) • Age group • Employment status • Poverty status • Household characteristics • of head of household • Household composition • Access to services

8. Analysis by Activity Classes • Main activity • Which activity categories to use? • Simultaneous activity • Which pairs of activities to focus on?

9. Design of Time Use Surveys: Basic Components

10. Information From Time Use Surveys

11. Decisions: Scope and Coverage • Describing activities • Classification of activities • Recording time and action • Position- point in time • Duration- length of time or period • Sequence- relative to other actions

12. “Clock time” among Soussou of Guinea

13. Issue: Simultaneous Activities • Unpaid work is often undertaken ‘together’ with other activities • Domestic work and domestic work • Domestic work and child care • Work and domestic work and child care • Work and media use

14. Issue: Contextual Information • Who does what– where, with whom, for whom, paid? • Gives meaning to activities • Different context, different activity • Aids recall

15. Survey Instruments Background questionnaires Household Individual Time diary

16. Pre-Coded or “Light” Time Diary

18. Stylized Questions

19. … Stylized Questions

20. 24-hour Diary with Open Time Intervals Contextual Information

21. 24-hour Diary with Fixed Time Intervals Simultaneous Activities

22. Type of Household Survey • Independent survey • Time-use module in multi-purpose survey • Time-use module in LSMS • “Rider” survey • Time-use questions in multi-purpose survey • Time-use in labour force survey

23. Mode of Data Collection • Participant observation • Recall interview • Self-completed diary • Combinations

24. Issues: Sample Design Sampling the population • Sampling of households • Sampling of household members • Who and how many? Sampling time • Hours in a day • Days in a week • Seasons in a year

25. Sampling: Time Dimension

26. Sampling: number of days per persons

27. Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics

28. Need for a Classification Time-use data is all about people’s activities • Detailed comprehensive systematic listing • To be able to assess completeness of coverage • Guide the design of survey instruments and selection of methods • Interviewer’s guide for eliciting responses at the level of detail required for the survey objectives • Basis for developing coding rules

29. “Choice” of Classification • Related to the objectives of data collection • Defines framework of analysis of time-use data

30. Objectives & Classifications • Historical standard- non-economic activities • Multinational Comparative Time Budget Research Project • Improving measurement of ‘work’, especially women’s ‘work’ and unpaid work • National-- India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, South Korea, Thailand … • International– Trial International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS)

32. Basic Categories:SNA work 01- Work in the “formal sector” Work in household unincorporated enterprises 02- Primary production activities 03- Non-primary production activities 04- Construction activities 05- Providing services for income

33. Basic Categories:Non-SNA Work 06- Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use 07- Providing unpaid care-giving services to household members 08- Providing community services and help to other households

34. UN Approach to Time-Use Classifications • Improve measurement of SNA work • Household production of goods for own final use • Subsistence agriculture • Collecting firewood • Fetching water • Production of household unincorporated enterprises, including informal sector enterprise • Provide a basis for valuation of unpaid work • International comparability

35. Valuation of Unpaid Work Introduction

38. Valuation: Input Approach • Opportunity cost • based on the potential wage rate that the person would be earning in the market • Market replacement cost • based on the market compensation of the worker engaged in the same type of activity in household production of domestic and personal services for own consumption

41. OC1- disaggregated by age only OC2- disaggregated by age and education OC3- female wage rate=male wage rate

42. In Summary • What is ‘time use data’? • How are statistics on time use analyzed and used? • How are data on time use collected and the what are the issues that need to be considered? • What is the ICATUS and what is its role in the collection and analysis of data on time use?