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The Biogas System and Applications

The Biogas System and Applications. Michael Martin Environmental Technology and Management Michael.Martin@liu.se. Overview. Biogas Concept and History in Linköping The Biogas System Biogas Energy and Material Flows How to make the ‘system’ better Biofuel Synergies

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The Biogas System and Applications

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  1. The Biogas System and Applications Michael Martin Environmental Technology and Management Michael.Martin@liu.se

  2. Overview • Biogas Concept and History in Linköping • The Biogas System • Biogas Energy and Material Flows • How to make the ‘system’ better • Biofuel Synergies • Synergies with other Industries • Biogas Applications • Barriers to Biogas Expansion (Reverse Salients) • Future Applications

  3. The Biogas Concept =

  4. Brief History of Linköping and Biogas • Increasing soot and pollution from diesel buses • Possible natural gas pipe coming • Make use of wastes  Biogas • Partnership with SCAN and Tekniska Verken • Biogas Fleet of Buses • Vehicle Conversions • New biogas concepts….

  5. Linköping’s Success • Persistence by politicians • The company Tekniska Verken • Economic strength (500 million Euros turnover, 45 million Euros profit) • Independent from traditional sectors and innovative • Waste, water, energy etc in the same company • Organisation for integrating agricultural, food, waste, transport and energy sectors

  6. The Biogas System

  7. Biogas Material and Energy Review Energy Inputs Heat Electricity Material Inputs Material Outputs Methane Agricultural Wastes CO2 Industrial Organic Wastes Solid Digestate Household Organic Wastes Agroetanol, Norrköping Liquid Effluent Other Gases Heat Energy Outputs

  8. How to make the biogas process better? (Environmental Performance) • Make use of waste heat and electricity • Find further raw materials and by-products • Discover markets for outputs • Expand the infrastructure • Better the process

  9. Synergies with other biofuels(My Research) Bioethanol Process Biodiesel Process • Biofuels have many inputs, outputs and by-products • These technologies are linked By-products Biodiesel Bioethanol Biogas Process Biogas

  10. Ethanol Synergies Example Ethanol Outputs Used and to Be used include: • Stillage • Syrup • Biomass • Raw Gas (Biogas) from WWT at Ethanol Facilities • Raw Gas, Combustion Water Stillage Syrup/Molasses CO2 Biomass * Biogas (WWT)

  11. Biodiesel Synergies Biodiesel • Glycerol  Very Good Biogas Input • Biomass from Inputs • Seedcake  Biogas, Fertilizer, Fodder Water* Glycerol Alcohol (Recovered) Seed Cake* Heat * In some processes

  12. Tanzanian Small Scale Biogas

  13. Cascaded Production/Biogas

  14. Synergies with other industry Methane Agricultural Wastes • CO2 = very attractive • Digestate  Pellets, Fodder, Fertilizer • Reduce environmental impacts and fuel use • For example: Flint, Michigan WWT Plant (SBI) CO2 Industrial Organic Wastes Solid Digestate Household Organic Wastes Agroetanol, Norrköping Liquid Effluent Sewage Other Gases

  15. Replace Chemical Fertilizers Recycle Manure and other agricultural products Certified, KRAV and other marks Biofertilizer

  16. Biogas Applications Major Uses for Biogas • Vehicle Fuel • Heating and Cooking • Electricity Production • Hydrogen Production (Fuel Cells) Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

  17. Bi-Fuel Vehicle System • 2 Tanks (Gasoline <Petrol> and CNG) • Choice Between CNG or Biogas and Gasoline • Automatic Switch and/or Manual Switch

  18. Emissions vs. other Fuels • Every emission lowered (except methane) • Much cleaner, More efficient

  19. Biogas Heating and Cooking

  20. Electricity Production • Incentives in Germany  Electricity

  21. What is holding back biogas development? • Fueling Infrastructure • Filling Stations • Biogas Grid • Biogas Cleaning and Refining • Vehicle Availability • Regional Applicability (Hard to Transport) Reverse Salients:Critical problems limiting the development

  22. Fueling and Infrastructure Petrol “Simple, yet Complex….” Gas

  23. Fueling Options

  24. Connection to European/Swedish Gas-Grid • Connect to grid • Blend biogas w/ natural gas • METHANE! • Allow for use • Expanded Market • More electricity and heating applications

  25. Biogas Cleaning • Heavy Research • Large Energy Inputs • Example: Cryogenic Separation CO2 Methane

  26. Handling of Digestate Major setback to biogas development • What to do with wastes… • No one wants the biogas wastes • Can it be used for feed? • Is it toxic/volatile/harmful? • Drying the digestate? • Pelletize the waste for energy • Pellets for Fodder? • Drying would decrease transport costs

  27. Vehicle Selection and Range Mercedes E200 NGT Opel Zafira Volkswagen Touran Opel Combo Fiat Punto USED MercedesE200 Volvo V70 Volkswagen Caddy Volkswagen T5

  28. New/Future Vehicles Mercedes B1700 VW Passat Future ?

  29. Other Vehicles Selection…

  30. Future Possibility:Greenhouses and Pig Farm Synergies

  31. Heat CO2 Fertilizer Manure Biogas Electricity Electricity CO2 Greenhouse and Pig Farm Overview

  32. Future Possibility:Biofuels from Algae

  33. Conclusion: Pros and Cons

  34. Conclusions • Biogas system depends heavily upon incentives and legislation • Infrastructural capacity will increase biogas production • Sweden, more focus on vehicle fuel • Synergies will improve and expand market • Volvo and Saab… • And YOUR COMMENTS Tack så mycket!

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