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France shared in two from a climatic view by the 45th Parallel

Water scarcity and drought: examples of management in France Istanbul, 16 March 2009 Jean-Paul Rivaud MEEDDAT/DGALN/DEB. France shared in two from a climatic view by the 45th Parallel. North 45th parallel : Summer are hot and dry (increase of the yields)

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France shared in two from a climatic view by the 45th Parallel

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  1. Water scarcity and drought: examples of management in FranceIstanbul, 16 March 2009Jean-Paul RivaudMEEDDAT/DGALN/DEB

  2. France shared in two from a climatic view by the 45th Parallel • North 45th parallel: • Summer are hot and dry (increase of the yields) • In winter increase of floods and of sea levels • South of 45th parallel: • Increase of temperature+ drought • Lower annual rainfalls • Decrease of yields and arable lands

  3. F Projected impacts from climate change in different EU regions (source: Iglesias et al., 2007)

  4. A new institutional tool to react to WS&D • The « charte » of 2004 promoting: • When the occurrence of a damage even remaining uncertain in the current context of scientific knowledge … • Public authorities apply the precautionary principle… • evaluation of risks… • adoption of provisional and proportionate measures in order to prevent the damage.

  5. The recent french regulatory tools • The drought and water scarcity management plan from 26 October 2005 • The French act on water and aquatic ecosystems of 30 December 2006 • The law on Grenelle process (2008)

  6. Other existing tools in France • The Masterplans of 1992 include early warning systems with thresholds (information, alert, crisis) • Restriction measures can be taken at local level • Monitoring and metering are developped for both superficial and groundwaters • Agreement are existing with « owners » of dams to provide water for receipting middles during the dry season • Preventive measures are financed by water agencies and charges are collected

  7. The situation in France regarding droughts • The reference drought event :1976 • Drought events become more and more frequent • Three important events since 2000 • Around 85% of the 60 million inhabitants impacted by restrictions in 2005 • 75 departments where measures of restriction were taken during the summer 2005 • In 2003, 77 departments were concerned

  8. Comparison of the hydrologic situation between 1976 and 2005

  9. restriction of uses in France in 2005

  10. In case of droughts a priority is given to drinking water • In 2005 water in reservoirs was dedicated to drinking water • The priority given to drinking water is clearly mentioned in the article 20 of th water act of 2006 • When the concession of reservoirs are renegociated the priority given to drinking water in the management contract of each infrastructure

  11. France is largely promoting water saving • Labels on water management :villes et villages fleuris (since 2006) • Communication campaigns : feb 2006 (stakeholders) + summer 2006 (public) • New meters : in 2006 water act • Label for golfs : 550 golfs

  12. Evaluation of the cost/efficiency of different water saving processes

  13. Costs for agricultural sector

  14. Costs and losses for energy sectorin France (around 300 M euros in 2005)

  15. Costs of measures to prevent scarcity • The reference event of severe drought in 1976 • Since 1987 the investments to prevent water scarcity represent about 5 billion euros in France, about 30% were financed by water agencies • The measures deal with: interconnection, transfer, metering, water saving, use of BAT, water charges, storage, water reuse,….

  16. Monitoring networks and warning system are in place • Even if we haven’t had any majour drought event since 2005 the monitoring network and the warning system is still in place • It provides informations on climatic drivers (rainfalls,…) See below the type of informations and maps available in France

  17. Autumn/ Winter : deficit in precipitation  weak groundtable recharge Since the beginning of the year For February 2008 low precipitations in north west and south  Lower rainfalls since the last 4 years

  18. Autumn/ winter 2008 : the indicators in red

  19. Autumn/ winter 2008 : Early warning and preventive measures from public authorities anticipation • Meeting of the national commitee on drought by February 12 of 2008 • Beginning of march : first restriction measures on uses

  20. Spring/ Summer 2008 : Sufficient rainfalls in France in general From march to August 2008 for hydrologic year

  21. Spring/summer 2008 : allow to achieve progressivelly an acceptable situation for 2008  Late recharge of groundtable waters

  22. The situation of 2008 is quite normal : nevetheless during summer 2008, 34 departments were under control of the monitoring and vigilance network

  23. Restrictions of uses in 2008

  24. Informations available on the web site : www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr And the web sites of French water agencies Thank you for your attention

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