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Two parallel mechanisms in the basal ganglia. In parallel

+. +. Two parallel mechanisms in the basal ganglia. In parallel with the CD- SNr -SC serial inhibitions are present pathways mediated by the GPe and/or STN. Inhibitory and excitatory neurons are indicated by solid and open circles, respectively .

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Two parallel mechanisms in the basal ganglia. In parallel

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  2. Two parallel mechanisms in the basal ganglia. In parallel with the CD-SNr-SC serial inhibitions are present pathways mediated by the GPe and/or STN. Inhibitory and excitatory neurons are indicated by solid and open circles, respectively. The effects of the GPe/STN path-ways are thought to be opposite to that of the CD-SNr-SC pathway, since they contain two (CD and GPe) or no inhibitions before reaching theSNr. DA neurons in the SNc (and surrounding midbrain regions) connect mainly to striatal output neurons and exert modulatory effects, mostly via D1 receptors on SNr projecting neurons and via D2 receptors onGPe-projecting neurons. It is postulated that the corticostriatal input carries spatial information while the DA input carries reward-related information.

  3. Questions What are motor synergies? Why are they useful? What are Central Pattern Generators? Describe the evidence for CPG’s. What behaviors do they control? Describe how Brain Computer Interface systems work. What are the advantages/disadvantages? What is the evidence for two visual pathways in extrastriate cortex? How should we interpret the function of these pathways? Discuss evidence form brain damage and neural recordings. What are the classic problems in motor control as discussed by Rosenbaum? Describe the organization of the motor system. Describe the specific role of the different structures, including the evidence for that role. Describe the somatosensory system, including peripheral sensors and central projections. How does It resemble/differ from the visual system? Describe the primary features of the early visual projections and the organization of primary visual Cortex. Describe the organization of signals in extra-striate visual cortex and the specialization of cells in these areas.

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