January 23 rd , 2012

January 23rd, 2012 • Discuss final papers • Julius Caesar schedules • Shakespeare History HW: Define vocabulary terms and write sentences using the words. What was Shakespeare’s “home” theatre?

William Shakespeare • Background on William Shakespeare • Globe Theatre • Literary Devices • Tragedy

Background on William Shakespeare • Born April 23, 1564 • Stratford-upon-Avon • Actor • Writer (comedies, tragedies, histories) • Owner- Lord Chamberlain’s Men • Poet- Mostly sonnets • Stylistic Tools • Died April 23, 1616

Globe Theatre • In 1599, Shakespeare and associates built this outdoor theatre in London • 2,500 seating capacity • Groundlings- audience members of theatre • Octagonal in shape and 3 stories high • Flag flew on days of plays • Other characteristics of the theatre- apron stage, trap doors, “the pit”, and the heavens

January 25th, 2013 • Finish Shakespeare History • Shakespearean language HW: Shakespeare translations What were the name of the people who stood right in front of the stage?

Literary Devices • Blank Verse • unrhymed lines all in the same meter usually in iambic pentameter • Iambic Pentameter • An iamb is comprised of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable • da DUM • Each line has five iamb = pentameter • Anachronisms • Events that are out of place in the time period of the piece • Ex: If a play is set in Ancient Rome and a character uses a computer • Free Verse • Puns • Deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical effect

Literary Devices • Allusion- an indirect reference by casually mentioning something that’s familiar (literature, movies, music or history). • Aside- Lines mentioned to the audience or another character on stage (not meant to be heard by all characters on stage). • Foreshadow- Lines that give a hint or clue to future events. • Metonymy - a figure of speech whereby the name of a thing is substituted for the attribute which it suggests. Example: The pen (power of literature or the written word) is mightier than the sword (force). • Soliloquy - A single character on stage thinking out loud (a way of letting the audience know what is in the character's mind)

Tragedy and the Tragic Hero • Definition of tragedy • protagonist suffers a serious misfortune • Characteristics of the tragic hero • will evoke both our pity and terror • he/she is usually higher than the reader in moral worth

Tragedy and the Tragic Hero • Characteristics of the tragic hero • born of noble birth • responsible for own fate • has a tragic flaw • doomed to make a serious error in judgment • meets a tragic death • realizes he/she has made an irreversible mistake • faces and accepts death with honor • falls from great heights or from high esteem

SHAKESPEREAN LANGUAGE Decoding its meaning

THE DOG BIT THE BOY! THE BOY BIT THE DOG! Believe it or not, the placement of subject/verb/object DOES count!

SHAKESPEARE’S TECHNIQUES • VERB BEFORE SUBJECT • OBJECT BEFORE SUBJECT AND VERB • INSERTING EXTRA PHRASES BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB • OMMITING WORDS

Why do poets mess with placement? • RHYTHM • TO EMPHASIZE CERTAIN WORDS • TO REVEAL CHARACTER

Hear you nothing that I say?” Do you hear nothing that I say? “Help you I can, yes!” Yes, I can help you. “Stay and help you I will” I will stay and help you.

VERB BEFORE SUBJECT Shakespearean Language: “In the instant came/the fiery Tybalt.” Translation: The fiery Tybalt came in an instant. “At this same ancient feast of Capulet’s sups the fair Rosaline.” Rosaline sups at Capulet’s feast HE GOES  GOES HE.

OBJECT BEFORE SUBJECT AND VERB Shakespearean Language: “ME THEY SHALL HIT.” Translation: THEY SHALL HIT ME. “OF HONORABLE RECKONING ARE YOU BOTH.” YOU ARE BOTH OF HONORABLE RECKONING. I HIT HIM

INSERTING EXTRA PHRASES BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB Shakespearean Language: “AND SHE WAS WEANED (I NEVER SHALL FORGET IT) /OF ALL THE DAY OF THE YEAR, UPON THAT DAY.” Translation: AND SHE WAS WEANED UPON THAT DAY. “THREE CIVIL BRAWLS BRED OF AN AIRY WORD BY THEE OLD CAPULET AND MONTAGUE, HAVE THRICE DISTURBED THE QUIET OF OUR STREET.” THREE CIVIL BRAWLS HAVE DISTURBED OUR STREETS.

MISSING “WERE YOU BY?” FILL IN THE BLANKS… WERE YOU NEARBY? OMMITING WORDS HEARD FROM HIM YET?

COMMON WORDS Shakespearean Language: AN Translation: IF MARRY INDEED COUSIN KINSMAN ALWAYS STILL

Now, you create some Shakespearean language… • Create a sentence using Shakespearean language. • Create the translation, too. Topics: • Telling a friend to shut-up! • Asking for permission to use the restroom. • Explain how awesome Mr. Klein’s class is.

January 28th, 2013 • Rome History HW: Caesar Webquest Translate: “Peace! count the clock.”

A Brief History of Rome and Julius Caesar

General Rome History • Founded: Rough estimates 753 B.C.-501 A.D. (some consider the timeline to go on another 150 more years) • Government: Republic: a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law.

General Rome History • The republic shifted in its actual usage. At times it was a smattering of a monarchy, democracy, and a dictatorship depending on outside circumstances. • Today, Rome is still considered the longest dominating civilization.

Rise of Julius Caesar • Gaius Julius Caesar: 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC • Family: Gens Julia (or the Julii) • Political Affiliation: Populares (vs.optimates) • Came to power through various political positions in Roman government and also was a strong general that accumulated many victories.

Julii Caesar (family origins and younger years) • Meaning of name- ancestor was born of caesarean section (to cut) • Early Life- Little is known. Father died at 16, became head of household. • Soldier- Civic crown, respect from King of Bithynia, Pirate story… • Husband- He was married three times in his life. • Kids- He had 2 known children- Julia and Caesarion (with Cleopatra of Egypt). He adopted his blood nephew, Octavian, who would eventually become Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus , the greatest emperor of all time.

Julius Caesar’s Reign of Power • Caesar became contender for the position of Consul. He had stiff competition. He formed the first Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. This meant a three way split in power. Crassus was murdered in his battle with the Parthians and Caesar and Pompey resumed control. • Caesar went on to conquer Gaul (France) and Pompey grew jealous. Civil war was the result.

Julius Caesar’s Reign of Power • Caesar outnumbered 3:1 defeated Pompey at Pharsalus (48 B.C.). This battle was seen as militaristic genius on the part of Caesar. • Pompey went into exile and was murdered upon his arrival to Egypt. • Caesar alone became Consul and eventual dictator of Rome. • He was dictator from 48 B.C. to 44 B.C.

Julius Caesar’s Reign of Power • During his reign of power Caesar had the backing of the people, but his antics angered the senate. The last straw came when he started to allow non-romans (Celts, Gauls, etc.) to be members of the senate. • Revenge came when 60 members of the senate stabbed Caesar to death. This group included Cassius, Brutus, and others.

Impact of Caesar’s Death and the Control for Power that Followed • Because of Mark Antony’s cunning ways he was able to gain support of the people and banish the conspirators of Caesar’s murder. • Mark Antony teamed up with rival Gaius OctaviusThurinus, (Caesar’s nephew and adopted son), and Lepidus to destroy the opposing force generated by Brutus, Cato, and Cassius.

Impact of Caesar’s Death and the Control for Power that Followed • After a time Mark Antony and Octavius fueled another Civil War between each other. Octavius was the victor and became known as the greatest Roman Emperor of all time. He lived to be 77 and carried Rome through its Golden Age. • All other emperors would have to be compared to him. His name became Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (Augustus = “The Revered One”)

Characters in Play (Historical Info) • Mark Antony (January 14, 83 BC–August 1, 30 BC) • Julius Caesar’s second cousin and second in command. He was a strong military commander and popular with the people, however, like Caesar, he also did not mesh with the Senate. • He had some major character flaws and was considered a brash, cocky, and difficult person. He later fueded with Octavian and fell

Characters in Play (Historical Info) • in love with Cleopatra. Octavian changed peoples opinions of Mark Antony when he read what was supposedly his will to the public. It made him look like he sided with Egypt more than Rome. He eventually committed suicide with Cleopatra. This became another subject of a Shakespeare poem.

Characters in Play (Historical Info) • Marcus Junius Brutus (85–42 BC) or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus • His father was a legate to Pompey and Cato was a relative. His mother was Julius Caesar’s mistress. • At one point Caesar regarded Brutus as a son. Brutus was part of an opposing political force, but Caesar was exceptionally forgiving and forgave him. Big mistake. Brutus was later slaughtered by Mark Antony and Octavian’s forces.

Characters in Play (Historical Info) Caesar Octavius Mark Antony

Characters in Play (Historical Info) Brutus Cassius

Characters in Play (Historical Info) Lepidus Cicero (Senator)

January 29th, 2013 • Caesar Entrance Music • Present Caesar Webquest findings • Background review • Watch Act I, scene i • Read Act I, scene I HW: Study for quiz Where did the Romans usually go when exiled?

And now, entering the ring… • Hulk Hogan • Now, pick your own entrance music and decide what the song says about you. Would you be portrayed as a good guy or bad guy? • Then, pick some entrance music for Julius Caesar. What does the song say about him? Would he be portrayed as a good guy or bad guy? • Use FULL SENTENCES!

Create one quiz question from the information we’ve discussed so far. The sheet will make its way around.

Caesar Webquest Get into groups of 2, 3, or 4 and share your findings from the webquest. Pick the most interesting thing you learned as a group.

January 23 rd , 2012