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The History of Ireland. Purpose/Objectives. Introduce important points about ancient Irish history Use hyperlinks and video to enhance understanding of significant historical events and people
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Purpose/Objectives • Introduce important points about ancient Irish history • Use hyperlinks and video to enhance understanding of significant historical events and people • Provide a foundation for future analysis of (1) Irish history (post 1800) and (2) the role Irish played in shaping the fabric of American culture
The Physical Features • Location • Other countries that would effect Ireland’s history? • Advantages? • Disadvantages?
The Earliest People • 4th Century • mainly consisted of various tribes • never claimed under the Roman Empire • Eventually the tribes established provinces • Each province had: • King (Chief) • Professional jurists who administered laws
Saint Patrick’s Early Life • Born in Scotland in 387 • At age 16, he was taken captive • Became a Chief’s slave in County Antrim • He learned the Celtic customs and language • After six years he escaped and made his way back to Britain • Began his life as a missionary in the Catholic Church
Saint Patrick’s Return to Ireland • Saint Patrick returned to Ireland in the summer of 433 • Speaking the native Gaelic, he began converting the natives to Catholicism • He used the shamrock to explain the Catholic belief in the Holy Trinity • Saint Patrick traveled throughout Ireland establishing Churches and spreading his religion • Saint Patrick died on March 17, 493 (461?) in Ireland • There were no snakes!!!!!
Vikings Invade • Vikings invaded Ireland from the 8th – 10th century • They raided monasteries along the coast for: • Goods • Livestock • Slaves • Primarily from Norway and Denmark • The Viking ships provided a quick and efficient means of attack Click on the image above for embedded video
The Vikings Look to Stay • Eventually the Vikings established trading posts • Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Dublin • The Irish were able to reclaim some cities (Dublin 917) • Over time, the Vikings blended into the Irish culture • Became merchants, seaman, and military allies
The English Attack • In the 12th century Anglo-Norman (British) groups began to invade Ireland • Needed land for a growing kingdom • Various nobility looked to claim land • The English established their own laws and created a parliament • Countries like Scotland attempted to help remove the English, but the Anglo-Norman numbers continued to grow
The English Flex Their Muscles • King Henry VII established strict laws for Ireland under British rule • No traditional Irish laws • Must follow English laws • No assembly of the Irish military • All laws of the Irish Parliament t had to be approved by the King
The Question of Religion • Henry VIII attempted to transform Ireland from a Catholic country to an Anglican country • Queen Mary I • Elizabeth • James I • All forced the Anglican religion on the Irish
Oliver Cromwell • English statesman in 1649 • Invaded Ireland with his army (10,000 men) • Executed 2,000 Irish in Drogheda • Stormed Wexford • Reclaimed lands in Ireland for the English • Banished Catholic landowners • Gave the land to the Protestant army
Laws to Crush Irish Trade • England passed the Penal Laws • The Irish could not export • Cattle • Milk • Butter • Cheese • Wool • Effects of this law?
The Effects of Worldwide Revolution • Catholics allied with the French • The Irish Parliament remained Protestant • There existed a need for lasting peace • William Pitt (English Prime Minister) helped pass the Act of Union • Why would Pitt help Ireland?
The 1801 Act of Union • Ireland joined Great Britain to form the United Kingdom • Free trade • Anglican was the official religion of Ireland • Ireland had its own Courts • No Catholics could hold office
Life After The Act of Union • Catholics hated the Act • Robert Emmet (1823) led an uprising • Results • Catholics could hold office (1828) • Formation of The Catholic Association • Bad blood continued between the Catholics and Protestants
Works Cited "About Saint Patrick's Day." DLTKs. 2006. DLTKs Sites. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.dltk-holidays.com/patrick/about.htm>. Bloy, Marjie. "Britain and Ireland 1789 - 1801." The Victorian Web. Apr. 1997. 23 Jan. 2008 <http://www.victorianweb.org/history/ireland1.html>. Grigoriev, S A., and Y V. Vasina. "The Megalithic Structures of Vera Island in Turgoyak Lake, Southern Urals." 28 Nov. 2005. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.comparchaeology.org/EuropeMapCAWEB.gif>. Luby, Damian. "Ireland." Ireland on the Net. 2 Dec.-Jan. 2007. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.iol.ie/~dluby/ireland.htm>. "Map of Ireland." 2005. Backpack New Zealand. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.backpack-newzealand.com/images/ireland-map.gif>. Moran, Patrick F. "St. Patrick." New Advent. 1 Jan.-Feb. 1911. The Catholic Encyclopedia. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm>. "Oliver Cromwell." The Cromwell Association. 2005. Cromwell Association and the Cromwell Museum Huntingdon. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.olivercromwell.org/>. Viking Warriors. Discovery Channel School. 2004. unitedstreaming. 24 January 2008<http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> Walsh, Dennis. "Ireland - the Viking Era." Ireland's History in Maps. Feb. 2007. 20 Jan. 2008 <http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire800.htm>.
