Child Trafficking Educator’s Training

1. Child Trafficking Educator’s Training A Call to Action

2. Overview • I. Introduction to the Issue • II. Tools for Educators • III. Call to Action – What You Can Do

3. Introduction to Issue • About ECPAT-USA History • Discussion • What is Human Trafficking? “One of the great human rights causes of our time.” -President Obama, 2012 Clinton Global Initiative

4. Overview: Human Trafficking Globally • Human Trafficking Globally • Human Trafficking is second largest – and fastest growing – criminal industry in the world. • The International LabourOrganization estimates that Profits from Forced Labour are $150 billion per year; $99 billion from commercial sexual exploitation Source: UNODC

5. Overview: Human Trafficking Domestically • Source: Polaris Project • Human Trafficking Domestically • Sex trafficking accounted for 82% of reported human trafficking incidents in the United States between January 2008 and June 2010; • Labor traffickingaccounted for 11%of incidents; and • Other/unknown forms of human trafficking made up the remaining 7%.

6. Overview: Child Trafficking Generally • Child Trafficking Globally • 1.2 million children worldwide are trafficked. • 27% of all victims of human trafficking are children (between 2007-2010), this is a 7% increase (from 2003-2006). • Child Trafficking Domestically • 45% of CSEC victims in New York City were exploited in hotels. • 95% of all trafficking victims experience physical and sexual violence.

7. International Law Three Elements of Human Trafficking

8. International Law (cont’d) • Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography • Article 1: States Parties shall prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography as provided for by the present Protocol. • Article 2 (b): Child prostitution means the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other form of consideration; • Child Trafficking = Gross Violation of Human Rights

9. U.S. Federal Law • Severe Forms of Trafficking • (A) sex trafficking in which commercial sex is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; • (B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (22 U.S.C. 7102(9))

10. U.S. Federal Law (cont’d) • Under 18 + Commercial Sex Act = Victim of Human Trafficking • Commercial Sex Act Definition • The term “commercial sex act” means any sex act on account of which anything of value is given to or received by any person. (22 U.S.C 7102 (4))

11. Child Trafficking in the United States • An estimated 300,000 American children are at risk for commercial sexual exploitation every year. • Typical age of entry into “the life” is between 12-14 for girls. • Typical age of entry for boys is between 11-13 years of age. • Some estimate that 50% of the commercially sexually exploited children in the U.S. are boys.

12. What is Commercial Sexual Exploitation Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children(CSEC) • Term that covers the various methods of how children are abused, most typically for the financial gain of a third party but not always, and includes prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, ‘survival sex’, and other forms of human trafficking and exploitation.

13. What I Have Been Through is Not Who I Am Discussion • What does a trafficked child look like? • Introduction and discussion of film clip.

14. Tools for Educators Trafficking Indicators Trafficking Risk Factors Case Study

15. Trafficking Indicators for Educators • Inability to attend school on a regular basis and/or has unexplained absences; • Frequently runs away from home; • Makes references to frequent travel to other cities; • Exhibits bruises or other signs of physical trauma, withdrawn behavior, depression, anxiety, or fear. • Lacks control over his or her schedule and/or identification or travel documents; • Is hungry, malnourished, deprived of sleep, or inappropriately dressed for weather or surroundings; • Shows signs of drug addiction • Has coached/rehearsed responses to questions.

16. Trafficking Indicators: Labor • Additional signs that may indicate labor trafficking include • Expresses need to pay off a debt; • Expresses concern for family members’ safety if he or she shares too much information; • Works long hours and receives little or no payment.

17. Trafficking Indicators: Sex • Additional signs that may indicate sex trafficking include • Demonstrates a sudden change in attire, personal hygiene, relationships, or material possessions; • Acts uncharacteristically promiscuous and/or makes references to sexual situations or terminology that are beyond age-specific norms; • Has a “boyfriend” or “girlfriend” who is noticeably older; • Attempts to conceal recent scars.

18. Sex Trafficking Indicators: Terminology • The Life/The Game: commercial sex industry • Bottom B****/Bottom Girl: the head girl • Daddy: trafficker • John: purchaser of sex/client • Track: street location for commercial sex • Turnout:person who recruits you into the life • Square: those who were never in the life

19. Sex Trafficking Indicators: Branding •Pimps use tattoos to brand their victims. •Tattoos often refer to the girls as a money maker or make reference to the trafficker. •Ex: Daddy’s Money Maker, C-Lo’s Ho

20. Sex Trafficking Risk Factor: Technology • Traffickers use social media and the internet to exploit children. • The lack of enforcement on the Internet allows internet users (including Traffickers and Johns) to be anonymous • “At any given time, there are an estimated 750,000 child predators online-and they all have a key to your house via the Internet” • –Assistant Director of FBI

21. Case Study • Overview of Case • A.A. arrested at the age of 17 for prostitution and potentially has a history of sex trafficking. • Discussion • Risk Factors Identified? • Other Indicators Identified? • Was A.A. a victim of child trafficking? • Was A.A. a victim of child trafficking when arrested?

22. Call to Action – What You Can Do Educate Yourself and Your Students Help Advocates Pass New Laws Engage the Youth

23. Call to Action: Educate Yourself & Students • Educate Yourself and Students • Information on human trafficking can be found on the following websites: • ECPAT-USA – www.ecpatusa.org • Department of Homeland Security -http://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/share-resources • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children - http://www.missingkids.com/ • Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center - http://rems.ed.gov/display.aspx?page=additional_resources_Exploitation-HumanTrafficking • Sample Lesson Plan (handout) • Sample Activities (handout)

24. Call to Action: Help Advocates Pass New Laws • Legislative Call to Action • Review ECPAT-USA Legislative Priorities: • Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act (S.1738) • Strengthening the Child Welfare Response to Trafficking Act of 2014(H.R. 4636) • What You Can Do: • Call Your Representative and Senators • Write letters/emails

25. Call to Action: Engage the Youth • Partner with the ECPAT-USA Youth Committee Engagement Healthy v. Unhealthy Relationships Trafficker’s Control Over Victim

26. Student Reactions • "I didn't know that traffickers were intelligent. This presentation helped me because now I'm more aware of what is going on.” • "One thing that was new to me was that pimps will always have another way to manipulate you into their business besides hitting or forcing you, and that victims can be male or female." • "This presentation told me that females can also be traffickers, and that men can also be victims.” • "Abuse may be a contributing factor to becoming trafficked." • "I didn't know that there are millions of people trapped worldwide in human trafficking, and that human trafficking occurs on the internet and outside.” • "I learned that trafficking can happen to anyone."

27. How to Report a Suspected Case • Police: 911: In cases of immediate emergencies, call the local police department. • National Center for Missing and Exploited Children: 800-THE-LOST: The CyberTipline can be used to report crimes against children: • Possession, manufacture, and distribution of child pornography • Online enticement of children for sexual acts • Child prostitution • Extra familial child sexual molestation • Unsolicited obscene material sent to a child • National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC): 888-3737-888:The NHTRC is a national, toll-free hotline, available to answer calls from anywhere in the country, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, every day of the year. • Call (1) to report a tip; • (2) to connect with anti-trafficking services in your area; or • (3) to request training and technical assistance, general information or specific anti-trafficking resources. • Department of Homeland Security: 866-347-2423: Report suspicious human trafficking activity to law enforcement 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

28. Thank You • Please contact ECPAT-USA for additional information. • Visit: www.ecpatusa.org • Email: info@ecpatusa.org • Youth Engagement: Genna Goldsobel, genna@ecpatusa.org • Federal Policy and Advocacy: Faiza Mathon-Mathieu, fmathonmathieu@ecpatusa.org