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Diseases of Bacteria and Viruses

Diseases of Bacteria and Viruses. Pathogens disease causing agents. (viruses and bacteria). Two ways bacteria cause disease. Damage cells and tissue Tuberculosis Release toxins (poisons) Strep throat. Preventing/Treating Disease. Vaccines:

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Diseases of Bacteria and Viruses

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  1. Diseases of Bacteria and Viruses

  2. Pathogens disease causing agents. (viruses and bacteria)

  3. Two ways bacteria cause disease • Damage cells and tissue Tuberculosis • Release toxins (poisons) Strep throat

  4. Preventing/Treating Disease • Vaccines: Weakened or killed pathogens stimulate the bodies immune system to produce antibodies. Both viral and bacterial diseases • Antibiotics: Block growth and reproduction of bacteria (penicillin)

  5. Role of White Blood Cells in immune system • Macrophages - ingest bacteria & release signal with interleukin to activate T cells • Helper T cells - activate killer and B cells (millions with different kinds of receptor proteins on surface matching pathogensurface proteins) • Killer cells – attack infected cells • B cells – produce defense proteins (antibodies) to mark infected cells

  6. Controlling Bacterial Growth • Sterilization by heat Most bacteria cannot survive high temperatures • Disinfectants Chemical solutions that kill bacteria. What concerns do scientists have with antibacterial soaps?

  7. Controlling Bacterial Growth • Food storage and Processing Refrigeration: slows growth Sterilizing: frying, boiling, steaming Canning: cooked at high temperatures and sealed in sterile jars. Chemical treatments: salt, vinegar sugar

  8. Viral Diseases • Viruses cause diseases by attacking and destroying specific cells. • Poliovirus: attacks cells of the nervous system. • Papillomavirus : changes patterns of growth in skin cells (warts)

  9. Treatment of Viral Diseases • Antibiotics don’t work! • Prevention with vaccines

  10. Viral Diseases in Plants • Cell walls makes it difficult to infect. • Enter through breaks in cell wall caused by contact damage or feeding insects.

  11. Virus-like particles • Viroids: Cause diseases in plants Single strand of RNA (no capsid) Disrupt metabolism and stunt growth

  12. Virus-like particles • Prions cause diseases in animals protein infectious particles damage nerve tissue Creutzfeldt-Jakob Humans Scrappie sheep Mad Cow Cattle

  13. How to identify if your cow has MAD-COW disease: If your cow sounds like this, then If your cow sounds like this, then fire up the barbecue. May we suggest the fish.

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