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Years of Doubt, 1969–1981. President Nixon governs a divided nation, the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis, and Presidents Ford and Carter attempt to solve the nation’s problems.

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  1. Years of Doubt, 1969–1981 President Nixon governs a divided nation, the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis, and Presidents Ford and Carter attempt to solve the nation’s problems. President Richard Nixon says farewell to members of his cabinet and staff in the White House East Room following his resignation (August 9, 1974). NEXT

  2. Years of Doubt, 1969–1981 SECTION 1 Nixon Confronts Problems SECTION 2 Watergate Brings Down Nixon SECTION 3 Issues of the Seventies NEXT

  3. Section 1 Nixon Confronts Problems President Richard M. Nixon faces the challenge of governing a deeply divided America. NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 Nixon Confronts Problems A Divided America • President Richard M. Nixon wants to focus on foreign policy • Faces U.S. torn apart by inflation, racial issues, Vietnam • Wants to cut running of U.S. government, states do more activities • Vetoes Democratic bills, cuts education funds, low-income housing • Revenuesharing—U.S. returns tax money to state, local governments NEXT

  5. SECTION 1 Law-and-Order Politics • President Nixon promises to end social unrest, restore law, order • Appoints 4 conservative justices to Supreme Court, wants them to: - have strict interpretation of law to reduce crime • Wants U.S. government crackdown to reduce crime, protests • Directs CIA, FBI to investigate his political enemies NEXT

  6. SECTION 1 A Troubled Economy • Under President Johnson, government spends a lot, does not raise taxes • Causes recession, inflation, unemployment increases • Nixon cuts spending, stops wage, price increases, inflation drops briefly • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)—Arab-run group • OPEC raises prices, cuts oil to U.S. to protest U.S. support of Israel Map • U.S. gas prices quadruple, inflation, unemployment soar NEXT

  7. SECTION 1 Nixon Eases the Cold War • Nixon’s main foreign-policy goal is world stability • Nixon’s advisor Henry Kissinger arranges Nixon visit to China (1972) • Visit opens diplomacy, trade with Chinese Image • Soviets invite Nixon to Moscow, Soviet/American relations improve • Détente— French word, easing of tension between rivals • U.S., Soviets sign Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT): - limits each country’s nuclear weapons NEXT

  8. Section 2 Watergate Brings Down Nixon Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal causes a political crisis that forces him to resign. NEXT

  9. SECTION 2 Watergate Brings Down Nixon The 1972 Presidential Election • Diplomatic successes give Nixon Republican nomination for reelection • Nixon’s Democratic opponent is liberal senator George McGovern • Nixon easily defeats McGovern for president NEXT

  10. SECTION 2 The Watergate Scandal • People working for Nixon engage in illegal activities • 5 men caught breaking into Democratic headquarters, Watergate office: - linked to Nixon’s Committee to Reelect the President • Nixon, aids break law to cover up Watergate, want to avoid scandal • Nixon, aids cover up of Watergate, other crimes—Watergatescandal Image • Senate begins investigating Watergate (February 1973) NEXT

  11. SECTION 2 Nixon Resigns • Senate Watergate investigation closes in on president’s advisors: - H.R. Haldeman - John Ehrlichman - John Mitchell - John Dean • President Nixon pays illegal “hush money” to keep burglars quiet • Dean claims Nixon involved in cover-up, Nixon denies Image Continued . . . NEXT

  12. SECTION 2 continued Nixon Resigns • White House aid claims Nixon taped incriminating conversations • Vice-president Agnew accepts bribes, Gerald Ford named vice-president • Watergate committee approves impeachment charges of Nixon • Nixon releases tapes, hard evidence, Nixon resigns (Aug. 9, 1974) Image • Vice-president Gerald Ford sworn in as president • Watergate causes many Americans to lose faith in government, leaders NEXT

  13. Section 3 Issues of the Seventies Presidents Ford and Carter have a difficult time solving the nation’s problems after Watergate. NEXT

  14. SECTION 3 Issues of the Seventies Ford Takes Over Chart • President Ford wants to restore confidence in the presidency • Pardons Nixon, popularity drops, economic plan fails • Negotiates Helsinki Accords with European nations, Canada which: - spells out basic human rights for citizens of signer nations • Ford loses presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter (1976) • Carter promises honesty in government, support for human rights NEXT

  15. SECTION 3 Carter as President • President Carter shows he is one of the people, political outsider • National energy plan gets little support, fails to help economy • Carter sets up treaties that give Panama Canal to Panama in 2000 • Negotiates Camp DavidAccords (1978): - Egypt, Israel sign 1st peace treaty between Israel, Arab nation - ends 30 years of conflict NEXT

  16. SECTION 3 The Environmental Movement Begins • Environmentalism—work to protect environment, gets much notice, 1960s • Biologist Rachel Carsonwrites about dangers of pesticides (1962) • In 1969, a huge oil spill increases cry for tougher environmental laws • Nixon, Ford, Carter all propose environmental laws, help environment • Accident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, disaster averted NEXT

  17. SECTION 3 Reagan and the Conservatives Win • Muslims overthrow Shah of Iran, Shah comes to U.S. for medical reasons • Angry about Shah, Iranians take 52 U.S. hostages—Iranhostage crisis Image • Carter’s negotiations with Iran’s leader for release of hostages fails • Poor economy, hostage crisis make Carter unpopular • Republican Ronald Reagan wins presidential election (1980) • Carter wins release of hostages who leave Iran day Reagan inaugurated NEXT

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