Rh factor & Blood Donation

1. Rh factor & Blood Donation December 2, 2009

2. Catalyst • Entrance ticket! (collected) • Make a table showing blood type, the antigen associated with that type and the antibody associated with that type

4. Really important! • So, you know how we say “has antibody for“ • Well, it doesn’t have it UNLESS the body comes in contact with the other antigen. • Ex: if you are A, you DONT have antibodies for B unless B is put into your body. • So, at the same time, the B blood has NO A antibodies. The B blood is NOT in a person, so cant produce antibodies

5. Aim • What differentiates one blood type from another? • Who can donate to who? • Learning Target! • I CAN explain what differentiates one blood type from another

6. A-G-E-N-D-A- • Catalyst • Rh factor mini lesson • Donation mini lesson • Pregnancy and Rh mini lesson • Practice what you learned.

7. In addition to the ABO system, we also have the Rhesus system • Rhesus (Rh) system • Also called D antigen • Developed by Rhesus Macaque, building off of Landsteiner’s experiment

8. What is the Rh system • Similar to A-B-O system, Rh is just another antigen • Instead of being Type A Rh blood, we give a positive/negative sign to show presence/absence of Rh.

9. Those with Rh factor are... • + • Ex: A+, B+, AB+, O+ • Antigen = Rh • Antibodies = none for Rh

10. Those without Rh are... • - • Ex: A-, B-, AB-, O- • Antigen = no Rh • Antibody= Anti Rh

11. So lets add on to that table

13. To determine compatability of donor/recipient... • You must test for A, B, and Rh factor. • Receive from universal donor or match. • How do you match?

14. Universal donor • STOP AND JOT(not collected, but do it.) • Which blood type can be received by all people? • Why? Explain using info about antigen & antibody

17. Blood Donation (take 2)

18. Catalyst • What blood type is the universal donor? • What blood type is the universal recipient?

19. Aim • What differentiates one blood type from another? • Who can donate to who? • Learning Target! • I CAN explain what differentiates one blood type from another

20. A-G-E-N-D-A- • Catalyst • Rh factor mini lesson • Donation mini lesson • Pregnancy and Rh mini lesson • Practice what you learned.

21. To recap from yesterday • People that are Rh – have the ability develop antibodies against Rh+ • They don’t develop antibodies against it unless they come in contact with the blood.

22. Rh + blood can never be given to someone with Rh- blood • But, Anyone with Rh – blood CAN give blood to someone who is Rh+

23. Example • O+ blood can NOT be given to anyone with – blood (A-, B-, AB-, O-). • If it is, the recipients will develop Rh antibodies.

24. match ex • if you are A+ who can you receive from? • A+, A-, O+, O- • If you are A-, who can you receive from? • A-, O-

25. Match ex • If you are B+, who can you receive from? • B+, B-, O+, O- • If you are AB-, who can you receive from? • A-, B-, AB-, O-

26. O- is the universal donor • O – has no antigens at all. • Your body wont attack it. • No place forantibodies to bind to.

27. AB+ is universal recipient • Can receive from all blood types. • Doesn’t have any antibodies.

28. Donation list

29. What if you get the wrong kind? • When an antibody reacts with an antigen, agglutination occurs • Agglutination – the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

30. Agglutination • Nobel prize link

31. Lab day

32. Catalyst • READ LAB SILENTLY!!!! • WE WILL TAKE A LAB QUIZ IN 5 MINUTES!!!!

33. Aim • How do we determine blood type? • Agenda • Pre lab quiz • Modelling • Distribution of material • lab

34. Learning targets • I CAN describe how whole blood is typed & identify blood type using scientific tests

35. What is agglutination? • If it clumps, then you are + or – for the blood type???

36. Blood Typing • Performed using “antiserum” – blood that contains specific antibodies. • Anti-A serum has Anti-A antibodies • Anti-B serum has Anti-B antibodies

37. Blood typing • Anti-A and Anti-B blood are each separately mixed with a drop of sample blood. • If agglutination (clumping) occurs, you have that blood type.

39. Same is true for Rh • If you test with Anti Rh Serum

40. What are the implications for forensics? • Quick way to determine blood type.

41. The lab we’re doing • First testing to see if sample found at the crime scene is blood • Second, testing to see what the blood type of the sample is • Third testing to see which suspect has the same blood type (MATCHES)

42. PRECAUTIONS • Always wear goggles. • Fake blood • can stain clothing, • must not be placed in mouth. • Be careful not to knock your trays over.

43. Exit ticket • how does forensic serology connect to forensics? • How is blood type useful in a forensic investigation? • Complete sentences!!!!!!!!!!!!!

45. Agglutination • Could be fatal (lead to death) • Double edged sword – • If you are Type A and get Type B blood, your B antibodies attack the B. • At the same time, the Type B blood had A antibodies that will attack your A!

46. Rh factor in pregnancy • If mother and fetus have same Rh factor, all is good. • If mother is Rh+ and fetus is Rh-, all is good. • If mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+, problems can occur

47. Blood doesn’t usually mix btw mother and fetus • If some blood mixes, mothers body will produce Anti Rh antibodies. • Not a problem with first pregnancy • With second pregnancy, mothers immune system could attack fetus’ blood. • Process called sensitization • Mothers body trying to protect itself from foreign intruder (baby)

48. What could happen if mothers immune system attacks fetus blood? • Fetus could develop a hemolytic disease (blood disease) • Ex- anemia • Good news is that it can be prevented from happening

49. Graphic organizer time... • You guys made such beautiful blood organizers, I want you to do this again with blood type