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Production of Strange Particles from GeV to TeV

Explore the production of strange particles from GeV to TeV energies, investigating freeze out phases and particle ratios. Discover the interplay between chemical and kinetic freeze out, with notable results from LHC and recent beam energy scans. Understand the evolution of strangeness content at various collision energies through experimental data and theoretical models.

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Production of Strange Particles from GeV to TeV

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  1. Helmut Oeschler TU Darmstadt and CERN Production of Strange Particles from GeV to TeV Kruger2012

  2. Outline • Hadrons with light flavor are suited to test the phase transition, the chemical and the kinetic freeze out • Goal: to develop a detailed view of the time evolution • 1. Results at LHC energies • 2. The maximum strangeness content and recent results from the RHIC beam energy scan • 3. Sketch of the phases

  3. Chemical Freeze Out J. Cleymans and K. Redlich, PRL 81 (1998) 5284

  4. Particle ratios at LHC ☺ μB ? ALICE Coll., arXiv:1208.1974, PRL accepted

  5. LHC Energies pp 7 TeV Pb-Pb 2.76 TeV p/π the same in pp and Pb-Pb, BUT lower than expected from stat. models K/π in pp is lower than in Pb-Pb, expected from stat. model! Strangeness is okay!

  6. Strangeness Enhancement SPS RHIC LHC What causes the decrease? pp or Pb-Pb

  7. Strangeness in pp and Pb-Pb A-A pp In HIC, the ratio Ξ/π remains constant, while in pp it rises! What is behind?

  8. At which energy has the highest strangeness enhancement been observed? (X(S)/π)/Npart(HIC) / (X(S)/π)/Npart (pp)

  9. Strangeness enhancement larger for lower energy Dashed line: Statistical model K. Redlich At LHC: ≈1.5

  10. Statistical Model for pp and HIC Strangeness Suppression in pp Au-Au 200 GeV pp 200 GeV • In pp particle ratios are well described using canonical description • In Au+Au only stable particle ratios are well described

  11. Canonical Approach Pion density n(π) = exp(-Eπ/T) Strangeness is conserved! Kaon density NN N Λ K+ n(K) = exp(-EK/T) [g V∫ … exp[-(EΛ-µB)/T] J. Cleymans, HO, K. Redlich, PRC 60 (1999)

  12. Predictions for LHC Prediction for heavy ions: Grand can. (blue) I. Kraus et al., PRC 74 (2007) For pp collisions: Canonical (yellow and red) I. Kraus et al., PRC 79(2009)

  13. Testing Canonical Suppression at LHC can./grand can. Measured ratio(pp)/ratio(PbPb) ΔS=1 K/π ΔS=3 Example: T = 170 MeV μB = 1 MeV Values for LHC Ξ/π Ω/π Prediction:I. Kraus et al., PR C 79 (2009) 014901

  14. Correlation Radii at LHC ? pp 900 GeV thermal fit: arXiv:1102.2745 Next: high-multiplicity events in pp 7 TeV !!!??? Will pp collisions approach GC limit, i.e. HIC

  15. Maximum Strangeness content around √sNN ≈ 8 GeV

  16. RHIC, STAR Coll. QM2011

  17. Maximum strangeness content STAR Coll., QM2011 Thermal Model, A. Andronic et al., PLB 673(2009) Includes more states decaying into pions Why K+/π+ so different from K-/π-?

  18. Maximum Strangeness around 30 AGeV √s ≈ 8 GeV K+ are produced together with a Λ, influence of μB K- together with a K+ P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Cleymans, HO, K. Redlich, NPA 697(2002) 902

  19. Freeze-out from the STAR beam energy scan L. Kumar, QM2011

  20. Results from STAR BES Now, we need the Ω/π ratio to see whether the maximum is at a higher √sNN !

  21. Kinetic freeze out – STAR BES Low energy High energy From STAR Coll., CPOD 2011

  22. Merging of Tchem and Tkin At LHC and RHIC: Tchem > Tkin At SIS and AGS: Tchem = Tkin

  23. Central to peripheral collisions Variation of centrality causes a walk ON the chem. freeze out curve! The kinetic freeze out changes such that the separation between chem. and kin. gets smaller!

  24. At LHC? In central Pb-Pb: Tchem = Tkin = 95 ± 10 MeV ALICE arXiv:1208.1974 PRL in print Long phase between chem. and kin. freeze out!!!

  25. Transition from baryonic to mesonic freeze out J. Cleymans, H.O., K. Redlich, S. Wheaton, Phys. Lett. B615 (2005) entropy prop to T3 Meson dominated Baryon dominated

  26. Transition from baryonic to mesonic freeze out J. Cleymans et al., Phys.Lett. B615 (2005) 50

  27. Quarkyonic matter, A. Andronic et al., Nucl.Phys. A837 (2010) 65

  28. Distribution of s and c quarks D+s/D0≈ 0.2 (JHEP 01 (2012) 128) Stat. Model = 0.35 GC Ratio canonical/GC ≈0.7 (from K/π in Pb-Pb and pp) To see yields of D+s/D0 in PbPb!! ALICE arXiv:1208.1948, PL B accepted

  29. conclusions • At the LHC in PbPb: strangeness yields are in agreement with the trend, but the yield of p is too low. • pp: canonical suppression seems okay, p too low, same as in PbPb. • Distribution of s quark in D mesons • Maximum strangeness content around √s ≈ 8 GeV and the recent results from beam energy scan • At this energy the freeze out changes from being dominated by baryons to one goverened by pions. At higher incident energies chemical and kinitec freeze out become separate. • The maximum in strangeness results from an interplay between saturation of T and dropping of muB. The various changes of particle ratios are NOT always exactly at the same √s!!! • Separation Tchem and Tkin increase towards higher √s!

  30. Thank you!

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