11 th through 27 th Amendments

1. 11th through 27th Amendments

2. Review/Reteach • What were the Federalist Papers? • Who were the authors? • What was the purpose?

4. Authors of Federalist Papers

5. 9th Amendment Citizens have more rights than those listed Federalist #84 warned against a Bill of Rights; what was the specific warning Review Federalist papers and view excerpts from Federalist 84

6. 10th amendment • Rights not granted to the federal government or specifically denied to the states or granted to the states • Examples: Education?

7. 11th Amendment (1795) • No lawsuits against the states • People from one state cannot sue another state in federal court. Ex. You, in Louisiana cannot sue the state of Mississippi

8. 12th Amendment (1804) • Electoral college casts separate ballots for President and Vice President

9. John Adams and Thomas Pickney Vs. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

10. 12th Amendment cont. • Election 1796 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson • Second highest electoral votes becomes Vice President John Adams, President Thomas Jefferson, Vice President

12. Election of 1800 • John Adams and Charles Pinckney v. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr Resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr House of Representatives voted (each state having one vote)

13. Jefferson and Burr tied

14. After 35 separate ballots in the House of Representatives, it was still tied. • Alexander Hamilton, speaker of the house, urged states to choose Jefferson over Burr

15. Civil War Amendments- • 13 Abolition of slavery • 14- Citizenship • 15- Right to vote (Suffrage)

16. 13th Amendment (1865) • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction • Abolition of slavery

17. 13th Amendment cont • The Emancipation Proclamation didn’t free all slaves (only slaves from states that were in rebellion), so in effect, in freed no slaves; served as a morale booster

18. 14th Amendment (1868) • All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. • Citizenship, state due process, state equal protection, incorporation

19. 14th Amendment cont • Defines citizenship for freed slaves • OverulledDred Scot v Sanford decision which said that blacks would never be citizens (1857) • Equal Protection clause • "no state shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

20. 14th Amendment cont • Incorporation- forced states to follow the Bill of Rights • Similarity with 5th amendment

21. 14th Amendment case • Plessy v Ferguson (1896)- separate but equal is okay • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) – Overturned Plessy v Ferguson, by declaring that state laws that segregated students denied black children equal education.

23. 15th Amendment (1870) • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • Right to vote (suffrage) given to all men regardless of race

25. ; • Progressivism is an umbrella label for a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. • Examples: pure food, ending sweatshops, anti trust laws, better facilities for mentally handicapped

26. 16th Amendment (1913) • The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. • Federal income tax

27. Amendments 16-19 are considered the progressive amendments

28. 16th Amendment

29. 16th amendment • Allowed for income taxes—taxes paid on the money one earns

30. Different types of taxes: Progressive (our income taxes)—the more money one makes, the greater percentage of in come Proportional—everyone pays same %; some argue that this would be better Regressive—Greater percentage of lower income

31. 17th Amendment (1913) • Direct election to the United States Senate.

32. 18th Amendment (1919) • 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. • Prohibition of Alcohol

34. 19th Amendment (1920) • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. • Women are given the right to vote (finally)

36. 20th Amendment (1933) • Lame Duck amendment— • Shortened time between when a president or representative is elected and when he takes office;

38. 21st Amendment (1933) • The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. • Repeal the 18th Amendment

39. 21st Amendment • Ratified using the state convention method

40. 22nd Amendment (1951) • Term limits for President • Two four year terms • 10 year limit

41. 22nd Amendment cont. • Franklin Roosevelt was elected president 4 times, served in office for 13 years

42. 23rd Amendment (1961) • Washington, D.C. is represented in the Electoral College

43. 24th Amendment (1964) • Prohibition of Poll Taxes

45. 25th Amendment (1967) • Vacancy in VP, President appoints another

46. The Vice President • Speaker of the House • President Pro Tempore of the Senate • Secretary of State • Secretary of the Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of Health • Secretary of Housing • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Education • Secretary of Veterans Affairs PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION act of 1947

47. 25th Amendment cont • Presidential Succession • 1. VP becomes president if the president dies or resigns • 2. If VP office becomes vacant, President nominates another Vice President (needs a majority vote of both Houses of Congress) • 3. If president is temporarily unable to perform duties, VP is ACTING President.

48. 26th Amendment (1971) • The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. • Lower voting age to 18

49. 27th Amendment (1992) • Congress cannot vote itself a pay raise • (First proposed by Madison as part of the Bill of Rights) • Not ratified until 1992 • Congressional Pay raises do not go into effect until the next election