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Intro to Archeology: Week #2 Notes

Intro to Archeology: Week #2 Notes. Native Americans in North America:. Michigan Sites: Sanilac Bowman Kalamazoo Beaver Island Gardens. Michigan Sites:. Rifle River Enclosures Mt. Pleasant: Mystic Symbols Michigan Mounds:. Theories about Native Americans:.

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Intro to Archeology: Week #2 Notes

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  1. Intro to Archeology: Week #2 Notes

  2. Native Americans in North America: • Michigan Sites: • Sanilac Bowman • Kalamazoo Beaver Island Gardens

  3. Michigan Sites: • Rifle River Enclosures • Mt. Pleasant: Mystic Symbols • Michigan Mounds:

  4. Theories about Native Americans: • 1960’s – Paleo peoples came from the West • John Wesley Powell’s Theory

  5. Theories about Native Americans: • Current: • Earliest came from East Coast • Clovis Sites and Older: • From Asia

  6. Native Americans: • 10,000 BP (Before Present) • Glacial Ice Restricts nomadic cultures • Shelters made of wood and bark • Clothing – Animal Skins • Tools – Chipped bone or stone

  7. Native Americans: • 10,000 BP • Political Structure: Small bands (Tribes) • Chieftains – Head of extended family groups • Religion – Belief in Afterlife (Burials) • Hunting: Followed herds (Seasonal) • Camels, Horses, Mammoths, Caribou • Hunted large animals to extinction

  8. Native Americans: • 7,000 BP: • Pine Forest appear as ice retreats • Fluted Points reduced – New Technologies

  9. Native Americans: • Aqua Plano People: • New Tools • Stone Blades • Spear Points • Scrapers • Bi-faced Choppers • Hunted: • Deer, Elk, Caribou, Fish

  10. Native Americans: • Borial Archaic: 7,000 BP • Tools: • Wood Working – Axe, Adz, Gouges • Make dwellings, utensils, dug-out canoes • Hunting and Fishing: • Main source of food • Spear Throwers • Fishhooks, Nets, and Harpoons

  11. Native Americans: • Borial Archaic: • Society: • Tribes – Small bands of people • Elaborate burials – Religion • Metallurgy: Early Copper Mines • Copper celts • Beads • Gogets

  12. Native Americans: • Old Copper Indians: 2500 BP • Metal Fabricators • Hunting: Elk, Deer, Caribou, Lynx, Bison, Ducks, Cranes, Swans, and Owls • Fishing important

  13. Native Americans: • Formation of Modern Day Great Lakes: • 3000 BP • Lakes Michigan and Huron rise to make single body of water

  14. Native Americans: • Early Woodland Period: 950 BC – 100 BC • Adena and Hopewell Mound Builders • Some Sedentary Living Styles • Hunting and Gathering Wild Foods • Stemmed Projectile Points

  15. Native Americans: • Early Woodland Period: • Copper Tools • Possible use of Tobacco • Hopewell 0-800 AD • Great Lakes Region

  16. Native Americans: • Hopewell: • Farming, Hunting and Fishing • Crops: Corn, Squash, and Beans

  17. Hopewell Mound Builders: • Burial Mounds/Religious Centers • Norton Mounds • Effigy Mounds: • Serpent Mound - Ohio

  18. Serpent Mound:

  19. Hopewell: • Materials: • Show Vast Trade Networks • Grizzly Bear Teeth (Pacific NW) • Copper (N. Mich) • Conch Shells (SE U.S.) • Obsidian Blades (New Mexico) • Mica (New Hampshire)

  20. Hopewell: • Material Goods: • Effigy Pipes and Figures • Pottery – Storage • Armbands – Copper and Silver • Body Ornaments – Mica and Copper • Textiles – Weaving • Tempered Pottery

  21. Hopewell Sites: • Kingston: “Reed” and basket weaving site • N. Lapeer County • Flint and Cass River Basin • Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay • Wayne and Oakland Counties

  22. Hopewell: • Society: • Expanded Social Organizations • Heredity Ranks and Privileges • Division of Labor • Cooperative Work Projects – Mounds • Trade Network

  23. Late Woodland Period: • 800 – 1600 AD • Cultural Diversity: • Bow and Arrow • Domesticated Dogs • Pottery and Better Dwellings – Long Houses • Temple and Effigy Mounds – More Complex

  24. Late Woodland Period: • Mississippian Culture: • Cahokia – Mississippi River • Complex City • Population: 20,000 • Agricultural • Temple Mounds

  25. European Contact: • 1600 – 1700 AD • 100,000 Natives in Upper Great Lakes Region • 1 per square mile • Most in Ontario (45,000)

  26. European Contact: • Contact Groups: • Ojibwa/Chippewa (Hurons) • Small family groups, Nomadic Hunters • Ottawa and Potawatomi • Saux, Fox, Miami • Winnebago, Menomini

  27. Breakdown of Tribal Culture: • 1760 – 1820 AD • Establish protocol for contact and appraisal • European Trade Goods enter culture • Disease – Kills up to 95% of population • War – Pontiac’s and Tecumseh's Rebellion • Treaties and settlement

  28. Classification of Pre-Historic Artifacts: • Interpretation: • Handbooks, Photographs, Reference Books • Individuals Provide descriptions or authentications • Proper way of Labeling items and inventory site records

  29. Preservation of Findings: • Security – Collection and storage of items • Protect location for housing and cleaning • Contact List for advise regarding preservation

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