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Ocular diseases

Ocular diseases. By Kinza Waqar. How important are your EYES??? And how worse the conditions can get? In what ways “no tears baby shampoo” can help you?. 1. pre-orbital eye infections. Anterior Blepharitis. Targets? Affects the lid where eyelashes attach Chronic infection…. S.areus

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Ocular diseases

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  1. Ocular diseases By KinzaWaqar How important are your EYES??? And how worse the conditions can get? In what ways “no tears baby shampoo” can help you?

  2. 1. pre-orbital eye infections

  3. Anterior Blepharitis • Targets? • Affects the lid where eyelashes attach • Chronic infection…. • S.areus • Clinical features: Lash loss

  4. Posterior Blepharitis • Targets? Affects the inner portion of the eyelid • Clinical features: • Infection can cause and ‘internal Stye’

  5. DIAGNOSIS • A slit-lamp examination can diagnose blepharitis in the clinic.

  6. Treatment • Careful daily cleansing of the eyelid edges helps remove the skin oils that cause bacteria to grow too much • use of baby shampoo or special cleansers. Antibiotic ointments may also be helpful.

  7. Canaliculitis • Target area: canaliculi • Clinical features: • Formation of gritty casts that obstruct the lacrimal duct leading to eye watering • Nasal lid swelling • Chronic conjunctivitis • Treatment: • Antibiotics canaculotomy

  8. Dacryocystitis • Target area: Inflamationof lacrimal sac • Culprits: S.aureus • Symptom: • eye watering • Pain in or near the tear sac • Treatment: • Orbital massage in new borns and antibiotics in adults

  9. Questions…..

  10. Thank you

  11. Conjunctivitis SyedaKashmala Zahra

  12. Conjunctivitis • Inflammation of the conjunctiva and inner surface of eyelids. • Most common ocular inflammation. • Can be a local infection or part of systemic infection.

  13. CAUSES • Allergic • Bacterial (most common) • Viral (most common)-Adenovirus • Chemical

  14. Transmission of Etiologic Agent • Person-to-person contact. • Infected objects and water. Prevention • Maintain good hygiene and wash hands often. • Change pillowcases frequently. Replace eye cosmetics regularly. • Do not share eye cosmetics, towels or handkerchiefs. • Handle and clean contact lenses properly. • Keep hands away from the eye.

  15. Signs and Symptoms Viral (Pink Eye) • Shows a fine, diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva. Bacterial • Pus production

  16. Diagnosis • Laboratory investigations are not performed for most virus caused infections. • Conjunctivalscraping and swabs are taken for Gram stain and culture ( on blood, chocolate and Sabouraud agar) • Immunofluorescent staining • PCR for viral diagnostics.

  17. Treatment • Depends on cause. • Allergic conjunctivitis may respond to allergy treatment. • Cool compresses and artificial tears may sooth it.

  18. Persistent allergic conjunctivitis may also require topical steroid drops. • Antibiotic medication like eyedrops and ointments. • Warm compresses.

  19. And He gave you hearing, sight, and hearts that you might give thanks (to Allah} (An-Nahl 78) THANK YOU

  20. INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL PATIENTS POPULATION

  21. WHAT ARE SPECIAL PATIENTS? Special patients are the people who have their defense mechanisms of the body impaired by any means which leads to repeated infections of varying severity in them

  22. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

  23. MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS • Discovered by ROBERT KOCH in 1992 • Causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB)

  24. TRANSMISSION

  25. TYPES OF TB

  26. SYMPTOMS COUGH CHEST PAIN WEIGHT LOSS

  27. DIAGNOSIS • Tuberculin skin test • Acid fast staining • Chest radiographs

  28. CHEST RADIOGRAPHS • Can reveal evidence of active tuberculosis pneumonia.

  29. TREATMENT The vaccine is a live vaccine, derived from a strain of Mycobacteriumbovis. It was first administered to humans in 1921.

  30. THANK YOU

  31. RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS OROOJ SURRIYA

  32. INTRODUCTION • Almost all rickettsial infections are zoonotic • Causative agent :Rickettsia

  33. TRANSMISSION • The arthropods used as vectors feed on blood or tissue fluid of vertebrate host.

  34. DIAGNOSIS Microscopic Examination • First of all it is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms Giemsastaining

  35. Serological tests : ELISA

  36. Molecular biology based detection : SAMPLE DNA Rickettisia PCR

  37. Zoonosis Ameema Tariq

  38. Definition • Zooneses are diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man: either directly or indirectly through an insect vector.

  39. When an insect vector is involved, the disease is also known as an arboviral disease. • Examples of viral zoonoses that can be transmitted to man directly include rabies, hantaviruses, lassa and ebola fevers.

  40. Reverse Zoonosis If the transmission is from humans to non-human animals then the process is termed as reverse zoonosisoranthroponosis.

  41. Zoonoses • Does NOT include • Fish and reptile toxins • Allergies to vertebrates • Experimentally transmitted diseases

  42. Zoonoses: Animal Species

  43. REPTILES, FISH, & AMPHIBIANS

  44. WILD ANIMALS

  45. ORTHOZOONOSES • May be perpetuated in nature by a single vertebrate species • E.g. rabies,anthrax

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