The Crusades timeline

1. The Crusades timeline By Tulsi Shrivastava Period 4

2. 1096-1099 • The First Crusade- The battle was led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse. Nobles volunteered as knights as a ticket to heaven. Working for God. Commoners with their wives and children set out on a journey to Jerusalem, unequipped. Because of this reason, the first crusade is also known as the People’s crusade. Many died along the path of exhaustion, hunger, or even attacked and killed in battle by the Turks. On the other hand, the well fit army went on capturing Antioch. Later, advancing on to their holy land, they prayed and then captured the city by July 1099.

3. 1144-1155 • The Second Crusade- led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and King Louis VII of France. In 1146, the country of Edessa was taken over by the Turks. St. Bernard preached great religious encouragement. He sent out two armies. Most of them barley escaped the Turks and the others had carried out an attack on Damascus, which failed.

4. 1187-1192 • The Third Crusade- Richard the Lionheart of England, Phillip II of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I. Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, was the new leader of the Muslims against the Crusaders. He and his Turk army captured Jerusalem in 1187. The French and English crusaders got together and captured Acre. King Richard stayed back at Jerusalem to continue battling Saladin. After his many attempts, Richard still could not capture Jerusalem. Soon a truce was made between them that all Christians were allowed to visit Jerusalem without paying.

5. 1202-1204 • The Fourth Crusade-led by Fulk of Neuil. The new goal of the Crusaders was to capture Constantinople. They stopped by Venice to receive an ally, ships, and supplies from the Venetians. They traveled to Constantinople, capturing it in a matter of minutes. The city was completely destroyed. Venice and Greece united to join the Aegean Islands. The remaining crusaders formed the Latin Empire of Constantinople. The original Constantinople declined and soon fell into the power of the Turks. The fourth crusade was over.

6. 1212 • The Children’s Crusade-led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes. This enthusiastic boy believed the Christ told him to make children revolt. Soon, all children were on their way to rescue the Holy Sepulchre. Nothing could stop these youngsters from going on about their will. People say they were motivated by the Holy Spirit.

7. 1217-1221 • The Fifth Crusade- led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, and John of Brienne. The fifth crusade was fought in Egypt and created much conflict between feudal rulers, who said they shall lead, and Pope Honorius III, who claimed he shall lead. In 1218, they attacked the port of Damietta, which resulted in the crusaders capturing it. The eventually ended up battling each other in Egypt. Soon, they had to give up Damietta as the Ayyubids trapped them. They then left.

8. 1228-1229 • The Sixth Crusade- led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Fred soon was proposed an offer by the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt that in exchange for Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem he wants Fred’s army. Fred was pleased with this decision and was crowned king in 1229. Because of rising difficulties, Fred went back and the Ayyubids took over Jerusalem again.

9. 1248-1254 • The Seventh Crusade-led by Louis IX. After raising money from tithes, Louis had to a plan to attack Damietta again. For that he went to Cyprus. He could easily take over the Damietta as their land had weakened in the past years. Louis then devised a plan to attack Cairo from Damietta. Suddenly, the Mamluks captured him and took him prisoner. He was then released by the wealth of France. Angry with the Mamluks, Louis raced to Acre to seek help with destroying Mamluk. The King of Acre declined helping him and the seventh crusade ended.

10. 1270 • The Eighth Crusade- led by Louis IX of France. With might and strong power King Louis tried again to fix the problem, resulting in an eighth crusade. He gathered his army and went to Tunis. He kept that as a second home in Africa. A turn of events occurred when his base was severely ill. Most of his men, including him, died.

11. 1271-1272 • The Ninth Crusade- led by Prince Edward. Prince Edward arrived in Tunis shortly after the death of the French king. He tried to revive the crusaders by rivaling against the Mamluks once again. His goal was a failure as the wealth of the crusaders was drowning. He went back to England to care for his father. This put a complete stop to the Crusades.

12. Info-Works Cited • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk- who it was led by • Events that occurred- • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-first-crusade.htm • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-second-crusade.htm • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-third-crusade.htm • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-fourth-crusade.htm • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-childrens-crusade.htm • http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fifthcrusade.htm • http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/sixthcrusade.htm • http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/seventhcrusade.htm • http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/eighthcrusade.htm • http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/christian/blchron_xian_crusades11.htm • http://thecrusades.wordpress.com/2010/05/15/the-ninth-crusade/

13. Pictures-works cited • freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com • vaticanotours.com • onislam.net • historyofinformation.com • atheism.about.com • dipity.com • saudiaramcoworld.com • kidspast.com • http://listverse.com/2007/08/07/the-8-crusades-explained/ • joanoufinearts.com

14. The End Of the Crusades By Tulsi Shrivastava