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Germany 1925-1950

Germany 1925-1950. Germany, 1925-1950. Germany 1925-1950. Oral Report #2. November 19, 2008. Omar Hafez. This presentation will summarize the social, political, and militaristic events in Germany~1925-50. Political – rise of Hitler in 1930’s.

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Germany 1925-1950

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  1. Germany 1925-1950 Germany, 1925-1950 Germany 1925-1950 Oral Report #2 November 19, 2008 Omar Hafez

  2. This presentation will summarize the social, political, and militaristic events in Germany~1925-50 • Political – rise of Hitler in 1930’s • Lauren’s discussion of 1900-25: WWI, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations (UN 1945), Nazi Party (NSDAP) • Social – technology, and art/architecture, literature, music • Militaristic – horrific WWII • Conclusion – global after effects • http://www.klisia.net/blog/swastika.png • http://dev.forcesofvalor.com/images/product/primary_image/85003.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/300px-Star_of_David.svg.png • http://burningbosom.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/question_mark.jpg

  3. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Deutsche_Lufthansa_Junkers_G.38.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Deutsche_Lufthansa_Junkers_G.38.jpg • North German Lloyd’s Bremen • Major advances in technology were made in the second industrialization of Germany after WWI • Dornier Do X largest seaplane • Kruckenberg’s Schienenzeppelin fastest railcar • http://cruiselinehistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/ss_bremen_1_30595624_std.jpg Junkers G.38 largest transport plane • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Dox.JPG Autobahn – Cologne to Bonn • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:German_Autobahn_1936_1939.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schienenzepp_ramp.jpg Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

  4. Arthur Scherbius’ Wehrmacht Enigma • There is a whole other set of technology associated specifically with the Wehrmacht, the defense force • Messerschmitt Me 262 – 1st turbojet fighter • Jerrycan fuel containers • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Enigma.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jerrycans_AMW.jpg V-1 – 1st cruise missile • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:V1FlyingBomb.JPG Panther & Tiger tanks counter Soviet T-34 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TigerITankTunis.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PantherTankColor.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Messerschmitt_Me_262A_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_USAF.jpg

  5. Walter Gropius’ Bauhaus architecture • German architecture was beginning to focus around modernization, and the working class until Nazism • Lauren introduced us to expressionism and the New Objectivity (post-expressionism) • Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart 1927, Intended for the working class • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BauhausType.jpg Hannes Meyer (1927-30), Ludwig Miles van der Rohe (1930-33) Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky’s Frankfurt kitchen (1926) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Frankfurterkueche.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Weissenhof_Scharoun_1.jpg

  6. Blut und Boden - “Blood and Soil” (descent and homeland) • The Nazi regime dubbed everything “degenerate art” and the only art/architecture left had to be approved • Adolf Wissel’s Kalenberger Bauernfamilie • http://www.jungeforschung.de/bildervl/wissel.jpg Arno Breker’s Die Partei • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ArnoBrekerDiePartei.jpg Albert Speer’s Zeppelinfeld • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lichtdom.jpg Speer, Hitler, and Breker in Paris • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Adolf_Hitler_in_Paris_1940.jpg

  7. Ernst Jünger’s Storm of Steel and Der Arbeiter • There were numerous authors up to and throughout Nazi Germany, who exiled them and burned works • Thomas Mann, Nobel Prize in Literature 1929 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg Magic Mountain – extremely influential (1924) Doktor Faustus – anti-WWII, anti-Nazi (1947) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Klaus_Mann.jpg His son Klaus Mann’s Mephisto – anti-Nazi (1936) • http://criticomo.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/20070613212553-ernst-junger.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AllQuietOnTheWesternFront.jpg Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front

  8. Carl von Ossietzky (pacifist) • There were numerous authors up to and throughout Nazi Germany, who exiled them and burned works • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg Anna Seghers’ The Seventh Cross (1942) • http://golm.rz.uni-potsdam.de/mexiko/Rabe/images/portraetserghers.jpg • Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 Hermann Hesse’s The Glass Bead Game • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hermann_Hesse_1927_Photo_Gret_Widmann.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Joseph_S%C3%BC%C3%9F_Oppenheimer.jpg Lion Feuchtwanger’ Jud Süß (1925) and Erfolg(Success)

  9. Willhelm Furtwängler • Many composers emigrated to the US when Nazis came to power, and the ones who remained are few • Herbert von Karajan (conductor) • Believed to have joined the Nazis to continue his career • Highly critical of Nazis but stayed and performed at events • Marlene Dietrich • Cabaret singer, first German to be a Hollywood actress, very anti-Nazi • Swing Movement • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wilhelm_Furtw%C3%A4ngler_by_Emil_Orlik.jpeg • http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Courtyard/1652/Media/Karajan.JPG • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Marlene_Dietrich_in_Stage_Fright_trailer.jpg

  10. Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927) • The film industry boomed in the 1920s then seized by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels • Leni Reifenstahl’s Triumph des Willens (1934) • Fritz Hippler’s Der ewige Jude (1940) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Triumph_poster.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Metropolisposter.jpg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EwigerJudeFilm.jpg

  11. Dolchestoßlegende – “stab-in-the-back legend” •WWI to WWII •Jews’ lack of patriotism as a scapegoat • Machtergreifung – “Seizure of power” •Jan. 30, 1933 •Debate whether it was seizure or sneaking • There are a number of German terms mentioned associated with Nazism and Hitler’s rise to power • Gliechschaltung – “forcing into line” •1933-37: Elimination of non-Nazi organizations (trade unions, political parties) • Schutzstaffel (SS) – “ Protective Squadron” •“Aryan ideology” •supreme loyalty •Holocaust • Sturmabteilung (SA) – “Assault squadron” • • street fights with Communists, Social Democrats •Hitler Youth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SA-Logo.svg Gestapo (geheime Staatspolizei) – “Secret State Police” •Prussian Secret Police • Nazi Germany •Nuremberg Trials http://www.aclibrary.org/eventkeeper/Graphics/CTV/play%20button.jpg

  12. The events going on in the background at the time create atmosphere of panic, hate, massive violence • animosity from Britain, France, US Germany turns to new Soviet Union • http://www.nationstates.net/images/flags/uploads/the_all-soviet_union.jpg • http://freewarelogo.vegard2.no/no_dollar.gif • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Inflation-1923.jpg • http://www.webstockpro.com/Comp/Photodisc2/78567040.jpg • Germany defaults on reparation payments, Ruhr region occupied, passive resistance 1920s hyperinflation 1929 stock market crash 1930s mass unemployment Bitterness about Weimar Republic (1918-1933)

  13. http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/highres_00023142%20copy.jpghttp://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/highres_00023142%20copy.jpg • 1924: calmer politics, better economy 1925: Pres. Paul von Hindenburg • Hitler rises to power by winning electoral battles at a time of chaos by promising changes to the people • 1933 Reichstag Fire Decree citizen rights • 1923 Beer Hall Putsch – failed coup • Prison time: Mein Kampf • 1930 Great Depression • Hitler’s German citizenship Hindenburg re-elected Order of new Chancellors: • 1932 • Heinrich Brüning Franz von Papen Kurt von Schleicher Adolf Hitler (1933) • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Paul_von_Hindenburg.jpeg Enabling Act of 1933  Third Reich 1934 Night of the Long Knives  SS 1935 Nuremberg Laws  discrimination 1936 Germans in demilitarized Rhineland 1938 “Anschluss” - Großdeutschland

  14. Hitler’s decision of an offensive in foreign policy sparks the deadliest conflict in human history: WWII • Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • United States • British Empire • USSR • Allied Powers • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Paul_von_Hindenburg.jpeg http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/jude2.gif

  15. http://www.historicaldocuments.com/GermanySurrenders1.jpg • Unconditional surrender at Reims: end of Germany as a nation state • WWII devastated Germany’s government, economy, people, left it physically divided, and led to Cold War • Potsdam Agreement (Conference) – Germany: no threats to world peace • widespread homelessness, hunger, crime, displacement of people • http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/WW2Pics5/26347bg.jpg • http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/photo/lc/image/66/66970.jpg Marshall Plan, Soviets block West Berlin, Cold War, Berlin Airlift • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Berlin-wall.jpg

  16. German Democratic Republic (GDR) • In conclusion, Germany is left divided into the East and West Germany until fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 • Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) • “West Germany” “East Germany” Marshall Plan Communist state NATO Warsaw Pact Wirtschaftswunder “Stasi” secret police • http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1998/09/germany/east.west/germany.berlin.east.west.jpg Questions?

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