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Implications, adaptations & policies for food security and livelihoods

Implications, adaptations & policies for food security and livelihoods. Solomon Islands Government. Based on…. Where are we in the programme ?. Projected changes to atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Ecosystems supporting fish. Fish stocks/aquaculture species.

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Implications, adaptations & policies for food security and livelihoods

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  1. Implications, adaptations & policies for food security and livelihoods Solomon Islands Government

  2. Based on…..

  3. Where are we in the programme? Projected changes to atmospheric and oceanic conditions Ecosystems supporting fish Fish stocks/aquaculture species Implications for economic development, food security and livelihoods Adaptations and policies to reduce threats and capitalise on opportunities

  4. Outline • Factors affecting availability of fish for food • Reef area, population growth, climate change • Implications for food security • Relative importance of population growth and climate change • Win-win adaptations • Supporting policies

  5. Provide 35 kg of fish per person per year • Maintain traditional fish consumption where it is >35 kg • Solomon Islands • 33 kg of fish per person per year Plans to use fish for food security

  6. Coastal fisheries / coral reefs, mangroves and sea grasses Where does most fish come from? Photos: Eric Clua, Gary Bell, Christophe Launay

  7. The problem! • Sustainable catches from most reefs are unknown Solution: use median estimate of 3 tonnes per km2per year

  8. Coral reef area in Solomon Islands

  9. Annual coastal fish production (mt) • Population in 2010 was 550,000 • ~ 46 kg of fish per person per year

  10. Factors affecting availability of fish • Population growth Source: SPC Statistics for Development Programme

  11. Effects of population growth on availability of fish per person 2035 2050 2100

  12. Effects of climate change Today 2035(-2 to -5%) 2050 (-20%) 2100 (-20 to -50%)

  13. Additional effects of climate change Additional effects of climate change Effects of population growth

  14. Adaptations • Must minimise and then fill the gap

  15. Adaptation decision framework Addresses climate change Long-term Loss Long-term Gain Near-term Loss Addresses present drivers Win-Lose Near-term Gain After Grafton (2010)

  16. Adaptations to minimise gap

  17. Win-win adaptations Manage and restore vegetation cover in catchments L-L L-W W-L W-W Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats

  18. Win-win adaptations Sustain production of fish stocks L-L L-W Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species W-L W-W

  19. Adaptations to fill gap

  20. How best to fill the gap? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Fish needed for food security tonnes (x1000) Coastal fisheries Freshwater fisheries Pond aquaculture Tuna

  21. Win-win adaptations Store and distribute tuna and bycatch from industrial fleets to urban areas L-L L-W W-L W-W

  22. Win-win adaptations Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) L-L L-W W-L W-W

  23. Win-win adaptations Improve post-harvest methods L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Jocelyn Carlin

  24. Win-win adaptations Develop pond aquaculture in rural and peri-urban areas L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Ben Ponia

  25. Win-win adaptations Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic species ? L-L L-W W-L W-W Photo: Nathalie Behring

  26. Other adaptations Provide for landward migration of coastal fish habitats L-L L-W W-L W-W

  27. Other adaptations Reduce and diversify catches of demersal fish L-L L-W W-L W-W Greater focus on herbivorous fish

  28. Other adaptations Allow for expansion of freshwater fish habitats L-L L-W W-L W-W

  29. Suggested supporting policies • Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality • Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and freshwater habitats • Promote mangrove replanting programmes • Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal and freshwater stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment

  30. Suggested supporting policies • Restrict export of demersal fish to retain them for national food security • Increase access to tuna for the food security by reducing national allocations to industrial fleets • Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond aquaculture • Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where tilapia species are already established, or there is a shortage of fish

  31. Key investments • Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs • Programmes to install and maintain FADs • Identify prime locations for peri-urban and rural pond aquaculture • Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles • Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing

  32. Conclusions • Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities • Supporting policies and investments are needed • Integrate adaptations and policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change, including community-based actions supported by partners

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