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Sensory Cranial Nerves. Cranial Nerves. Special Sense Nerves I,II,VIII Somatic Motor Nerves Eye—III,IV,VI Tongue--XII “Rest of body” nerves IX,X,XI Face and jaws VII, V. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves. SENSORY Special General Smell skin Vision teeth
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Cranial Nerves Special Sense Nerves I,II,VIII Somatic Motor Nerves Eye—III,IV,VI Tongue--XII “Rest of body” nerves IX,X,XI Face and jaws VII, V Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
SENSORY Special General Smell skin Vision teeth Hearing eye tongue oral cavity nasal cavity middle ear throat meninges MOTOR Muscles Glands eyes salivary extrinsic sweat intrinsic lacrimal jaws mucous facial expression larynx tongue throat ear Nerve “targets” in head Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
Base of the skull—cranial nerves out • Ethmoid (olfactory) I. Olfactory • Sphenoid (optic) II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear VI. Abducens • Temporal (otic) VII. Acoustic/Auditory/ Vestibulocochlear • Face/Jaws V. Trigeminal VII. Facial • Throat (rest of body) IX Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Spinal Accessory XII. Hypoglosal Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
NERVE TARGET EXIT FROM CRANIAL CAVITY I. Olfactory Olfactory epithelium Cribiform plate (ethmoid) II. Optic Retina Optic canal (sphenoid) VIII. Auditory Inner ear Internal auditory meatus (temporal) Special Sense Nerves Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
NERVE TARGET EXIT CR. CAVITY IV. Trochlear Superior oblique m. (with trochlea) Sup. Orbital fissure (sphenoid) VI. Abducens Lateral rectus “ III. Oculomotor (Also parasympathetic to ciliary mm, constrictor pupillae) • Sup.,med.,inf.rectus • Inferior Oblique • Levator palpebrae superioris “ XII. Hypoglossal Intrinsic, extrinsic mm. of tongue Hypoglossal canal (occipital) Somatic Motor Nerves(eye muscles and tongue) Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
“Rest of body” nerves(all exit from jugular foramen) Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
I: Olfactory II: Optic III: Oculomotor IV: Trochlear V: Trigeminal VI: Abducens VII: Facial VIII:Vestibulocochlear Acoustic IX: Glossopharyngeal X: Vagus XI: Accessory XII: Hypoglossal Cranial Nerves http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm
On Old Olympus’ Tower Top A Fin And German Viewed A Hop Mnemonic
OLFACTORY OPTIC OCULOMOTOR TROCHLEAR TRIGEMINAL ABDUCENS FACIAL VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL VAGUS ACCESSORY HYPOGLOSSAL OH ONCE ONE TAKES THE ANATOMY FINAL VERY GOOD VACATION A-HEAD MNEMONIC
SENSORY NERVES Cranial nerve I Olfactory Cranial nerve II Optic Cranial nerve VIII Acoustovestibular
Cranial nerve I Function: smell Clinical test for damage: determine whether a person can smell something aromatic CN I: OLFACTORY
M&M, Table 14.3 Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves
Cranial nerve II Function: vision Clinical test for damage: tests peripheral vision and visual acuity Effects of damage: blindness in part or all of the visual field CN II: OPTIC
CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR • Cranial Nerve VIII • Function: hearing and equilibrium • Clinical tests: test hearing, balance, and ability to walk a straight line • Effects of damage: deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and nystagmus
AUDITORY SYSTEM • Outer and Middle ear amplify sound • Inner ear • Cochlea • Hair cells • Acoustovestibular nerve • Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear nuclei • Lateral lemniscus • Inferior colliculus • Medial geniculate nucleus • Superior Temporal Cortex • Brodmann areas 41 and 42
VISUAL SYSTEM • The eyeball focuses light which stimulates the retina. • These signals are transmitted via the optic nerve, chiasm and tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus. • Nervous impulses then travel via the optic radiations to terminate in the primary visual (calcarine) cortex.
OLFACTORY SYSTEM • Sensory receptors in the nasal mucosa are stimulated by odors. • These stimuli are detected by the olfactory bulb. • Nervous impulses then travel through the olfactory tract to terminate in the anterior perforated substance. • There are intimate connections with the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and other parts of the limbic system.
