Best Practices, Design Guidelines and Standards A Demand Response Research Center Progress Report

1. National Town Meeting on Demand Response Washington, DC June 3, 2008 Best Practices, Design Guidelines and Standards A Demand Response Research Center Progress Report Roger Levy Program Development and Outreach Demand Response Research Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2. Demand Response Progress DRRC research is supporting the California Public Utilities Commission and California Energy Commission to develop Demand Response best practices, guidelines and standards. Building Standard Global Temperature Setback (Title 24, 2008) Open Automated Demand Response – communication/information model Programmable Communicating Thermostat Reference Design (Title 24 – under review) Default Dynamic Pricing (CPUC Ruling for PG&E and SDG&E) Communication Standard Reference Design Best Practice

3. DRRC Challenge Objective • to develop, prioritize, conduct, and disseminate multi-institutional research to facilitate DR • Improve DR effectiveness • Improve DR reliability and reliability • Reduce cost • Focus on technologies, policies, programs, strategies and practices that emphasize • A market based approach • Customer Choice. Scope

4. DR Value Proposition – AutoDR Design Advantages Market-Based Price Responsive DR Conventional Program-Based DR Targeted, Limited All Customers Participation Utility Value Customer Value Value of DR No Integration Integrated DR-EE Link Utility Provided Few Suppliers Customer Provided Equipment Utility defined Customer Defined Customization Participation, Baseline Issues Performance, No Baseline Incentives Not Required Required Automation

5. What is AutoDR Communication Standard • AutoDR is not a program or a technology. • AutoDR is an information model that provides… • Open, interoperable signaling communication and technology platform • Provides customers with automated, electronic price and reliability signals. • Provides customers with capability to automate customized site-specific DR strategies. • Provides utilities with dispatchable operational capability similar to conventional generation resources. • Supports all DR direct control, emergency, bidding, and pricing options. • AutoDR is being developed as a national communications standard through an industry consortium lead by the DRRC that includes PG&E, SCE, SDG&E, and CAISO.

6. AutoDR Automation Server and Client

7. AutoDR Automation Server and Client

8. Open AutoDR Communications Standards • Features • Continuous and Reliable - Provides continuous, secure, and reliable communications infrastructure. • Translation - Translates pricing, reliability and DR events into continuous, open protocol internet signals • Automation – Customer established DR action(s) programmed into facility energy management systems and control equipment initiated by receipt of price, reliability, event signal. • Opt-Out – Customer decides and always has the capability to decide to participate, opt-out or override any event. • Complete Data Model – Describes information model and architecture to communicate price, reliability, and other DR activation signals. • Scalable – Provides scalable architecture scalable • Benefits • No stranded technology assets - Interoperable • Supports RTP - Supports states policies to promote price response.

9. Why a Standard ? • Reduce barriers to DR - Integrate customer energy management and building control systems to facilitate customer response. • Reduce the cost of DR – standards allow vendors and service providers to address common protocols and to develop common response strategies. • Improve the effectiveness of DR – automation of “customer devised” response strategies • improves participation • Increases value by facilitating simultaneous economic and reliability applications

10. Contributors and Need for Support • Technical Advisory Group • Pacific Gas and Electric Co. • Southern California Edison Co. • San Diego Gas and ElectricCo. • California Independent System Operator • California Energy Commission • UC Berkeley • California Institute for Energy and the Environment • Enernex • Standards Organizations • National Institute of Standards and Testing • Electric Power Research Institute • Building Automation Controls Network - Utility Working Group • Gridwise • Open Advanced Meter Infrastructure • Open Home Automation Network • Gridnet

11. Why AutoDR ? • AutoDR Field Results • Customer driven control strategies • Increased DR impacts / effectiveness • Continuity of customer response • Reliable, stable load impacts • Simultaneous price and reliability capability • Dispatchable • Reduced cost

12. AutoDR Summary Results - 2007

13. Average Peak Reduction for AutoDR Customers Continuing in 2007 20% 16% 14% 13% 13% 15 Sites 15 Sites 13 Sites 11% 12% 10% Average Peak Load Reduction 15 Sites 5 Sites 8% 4% 0% 20031 20041 20052 20062 20072 Continuity / Reliability of Customer Response 10 1 - Customer response to test signals 2 - Customer response to CPP rate price signals.

14. 8-30-07 Loads 3-10 MA Baseline Auto-DR Load Impact – 8/30 Non-Industrial PG&E AutoDR Test Day – Non-Industrial AutoDR Participants 21000 AutoDR saves Energy 20000 19000 18000 17000 Whole Building Power (kW) 16000 AutoDR saves Capacity 15000 14000 13000 12000 11000 12:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 Noon 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00

15. Actual Load Shed (kW) Actual as Number of Estimated DBP Baseline Percent of Date of DBP Event Participating Load Max 2 2pm-6pm DBP Sites Shed (kW) Hour Avg Baseline 8/30/07 11 10,850 10,674 10,416 Auto-Demand Bid Performance 98%

16. AutoDR Customer CPP Performance C/I Customer on CPP With and Without AutoDR Average CCP Peak Load Reduction 8% w/AutoDR -1% w/o AutoDR

17. AutoDR Customer Performance / Cost • Company Avg. kW Reduction (3 hr. shed) Bldg.Load Percent Reduction Non- CoincidentMax kW Reduction Events (2003-4/2005) One-time Setup Cost ACWD 52 20% 84 4 (0) $12,824 B of A 111 227 3 (4) $1,614 2% Chabot 18 5% 46 3 (1) $4,510 50 Douglas 61 21% 85 4 (4) $2,000 2530 Arnold 61 16% 92 1 (3) $2,000 Echelon 78 25% 110 4 (3) $3,620 Gilead 71 10% 208 4 (1) $7,500 IKEA 219 12% 272 2 (0) $5,050 Oracle 45 10% 65 1 (0) $375 Target 33 10% 56 4 (1) $3,312 USPS 202 15% 0 (2) $12,000 265 49 1,510 Summary 951 13.4% $57.62 / kW*

18. Contact Information Demand Response Research Center - http://drrc.lbl.gov/ Mary Ann Piette, Director Phone: 510-486-6286 Email: mapiette@lbl.gov Ed Koch Chief Technology Officer, Akuacom Phone: 415-256-2582 Email: ed@akuacom.com Sila Kiliccote, Senior Scientific Engineering Associate Phone: 510-495-2615 Email: skiliccote@lbl.gov Greg Wikler Global Energy Partners, LLC Tel: 925-284-3780 Email: gwikler@gepllc.com Roger Levy, Program Development and Outreach Phone: 916-487-0227 Email: RogerL47@aol.com Open AutoDR Communication Standards - http://drrc.lbl.gov/openadr/

19. Building Standard GLOBAL TEMPERATURE SETBACK In facilities with multiple space-conditioning zones for comfort heating or cooling, each controlled by an individual thermostatic control, authorized personnel shall have the capability to perform Global Temperature Adjustment (GTA) of the set points of all zones simultaneously from a single location. The centrally generated GTA command shall cause the thermostatic control of each individual zone to increase cooling set points by at least 3º F and decrease heating set points by at least 3º F. EXCEPTION to Section 122 (b) 4: Systems with stand-alone thermostats that are not connected via an Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) communication network.