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October 28, 2009

October 28, 2009. Climate map shows human impacts. Exam 2 on Monday, Nov. 2 Covers material in Ch. 7, 9-12 Presentations begin Nov. 9 (Monday) .

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October 28, 2009

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  1. October 28, 2009 Climate map shows human impacts • Exam 2 on Monday, Nov. 2 • Covers material in Ch. 7, 9-12 • Presentations begin Nov. 9 (Monday) A map designed to show the predicted effects of a 4°C rise in global average temperature has been unveiled by the UK government. It shows a selection of the impacts of climate change on human activity. These include extreme temperatures, drought, effects on water availability, agricultural productivity, the risk of forest fire and sea level rise. According to the Department of Energy and Climate Change, agricultural yields would be expected to decrease for all major cereal crops in all major regions of production. In addition, half of all Himalayan glaciers will be significantly reduced by 2050, leading to 23% of the population of China being deprived of the vital dry season glacial meltwater.

  2. Energy Resources (Ch. 14) World Consumption coal hydro nuclear World Production gas oil http://www.greenvalhalla.com/2007/11/ http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122main.html http://www.ecofuels.ca/~ecofuels/alternatives/index.php

  3. Fossil Fuels: Oil and Gas • Composition? • Formation? • Rapid burial; organic matter • Chemical reactions due to heat/pressure • heavy oils, light oils and gas • refining process http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_refining http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/calgary/topics/fuels_e.php

  4. Fossil Fuels: Oil and Gas • Petroleum deposits • Rocks • Source rocks • Reservoir rocks • Cap rocks • Seeps • Traps • Nonrenewable http://www.consrv.ca.gov/dog/kids_teachers/Seeps/seep1/Pages/photo_01.aspx

  5. Oil and Gas Reserves • Reserves generally declining • In US, oil supplies 40% of energy, gas 25% • Strategic Petroleum Reserve • Prudhoe Bay, ANWR, NPRA World Gas Reserves (proven) http://www.arabianbusiness.com/blogs/tag/oil http://www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/gas/market.htm http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/fossil_fuels/fossil_fuels.html

  6. Future Prospects • More exploration • Deepwater discoveries • Jack (5 mi depth), Big Foot, St. Malo fields • Enhanced recovery of reserves • Thermal (steam) • Pressurized gases (CO2) • Surfactants http://www.canopetro.com/technology.asp https://www.llnl.gov/str/November01/Kirkendall.html http://www.scandoil.com/moxie-bm2/news/mustang-awarded-feed-for-chevron-jack-st-malo-deep.shtml

  7. Alternate Oil Resources (Unconventionals) • Oil Shale (kerogen) • U.S. has 2/3 world supply • Not used because: • Not financially competitive • Waste rock • Strip mining • Water shortage • Reclamation of land • Current technology • Tar Sand • Problems similar • Canada mining • Huff-n-puff

  8. Methane hydrates • No technology Alternate Natural Gas • Coal-bed methane • Problems with briny water • Geopressurized gas • Pros and cons

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