California Mandated Reporter Training

1. California Mandated Reporter Training

2. Objectives of MandatedReporter Training Provide a brief history of child abuse reporting Review statistics/ impact of child maltreatment Educate about purpose/intent of the law Define child abuse and neglect in California Recognize signs of child maltreatment Identify risk factors and red flags Who are mandated reporters When and how to report child abuse What happens after a report is made

3. How One Girl's Plight, Started the Child-Protection Movement

4. Mary Ellen Wilson

5. Dr. C. Henry Kempe“Battered Child Syndrome”1962

6. Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA)

7. Child Maltreatment2011 2010

8. Child MaltreatmentNCANDS 2011

9. Child Welfare Dynamic Report2009-2010 87,000 Substantiated Victims of Abuse and Neglect http://cssr.berkeley.edu/ucb_childwelfare

10. Impact of Child Neglect The Still Face Experiment

11. Adverse Childhood Experiences(ACE) Study

12. Purpose/Key Points

13. What are some of the reasons Mandated Reporters wouldn’t report?

14. Deciding When to Report • When one "has knowledge of or observes a child in his or her professional capacity, or within the scope of his or her employment whom he or she knows or reasonably suspects has been the victim of child abuse or neglect..." (P.C. 11166 a) • If you suspect, REPORT!!!! • Proof of abuse is notrequired; that will be determined through investigation by the child welfare professionals or law enforcement

15. Defining Child Abuse and Neglect Under the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) when the victim is a child (anyone under the age of 18) and the perpetrator is any person (including a child) the following types of abuse must be reported: • Physical Abuse • Sexual Abuse • Neglect • Emotional Abuse

16. Physical Abuse

17. Physical Abuse Indicators A statement by the child that the injury was caused by abuse

18. Motor Development • Developmental abilities of a child should be considered when evaluating injuries • If a child is unable to roll over or crawl, they are unlikely to have sustained an injury on their own

20. Ear Bruise

21. Patterned Bruising

22. Grab Marks

23. Distinct outline

24. Child Sexual Abuse Per CANRA, Child Sexual Abuse includes: Sexual Assault Sexual Exploitation

25. Sexual Assault

26. Sexual Exploitation

27. Sexual Abuse Indicators

28. Sexual Abuse - Disclosure

29. Why is it so hard to tell? • Fear • Of perpetrator • Of being believed (consequences of disclosure) • Of not being believed • Shame • Revealing the secret • Sex is shameful/embarrassing subject • This hasn’t happened to anyone else • Guilt • Feel complicit in the abuse • Why didn’t you tell sooner/ run away/scream/make it stop??

30. Neglect Negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child by a person responsible for child’s welfare. Includes- Acts and Omissions The neglect either causes harm or threatens to harm the child’s health or welfare.

31. SevereNeglect

32. GeneralNeglect(No Physical Injury)

33. Neglect- Religious Considerations • Refusing medical care for religious reasons is a hotly debated topic when children are involved • Per CANRA, a child receiving treatment by spiritual means or not receiving specified medical treatment for religious reasons, shall not for that reason alone be considered a neglected child • An informed and appropriate medical decision made by a caregiver after consultation with a physician does not constitute neglect

34. Home Environment- Indicators • Medications, cleaners, toxins within reach of a child • Guns or other weapons that are not properly secured • Trash, rotted food, insects, or animal waste • Choking hazards within reach of an infant or toddler

35. Local Resources Enter in your own local resources

36. Local Resources Enter in your own local resources

37. Local Resources Enter in your own local resources

38. Emotional Abuse

39. Emotional Abuse

40. Risk Factors Red Flags

41. Cultural Considerations • Race • Ethnicity • Gender • Sexuality • Class • Disability status • Immigra-tion status • Religion • Age • Nationality • Regionality • Language • Child-rearing practices • Gender-prescribed behavior • Family structure • Religious beliefs • Community characteristics • Worldview

42. Cultural Considerations • Keep in mind cultural influences when assessing information or behavior. • Educate individuals/families from other cultures regarding American cultural expectations and practices. • However, if the practice falls within the legal definitions of child abuse, it must be reported.

43. Cultural Considerations

44. Parental Risk Factors for Abuse/Neglect

45. Parental Risk Factors for Abuse/Neglect

46. Parental Risk Factors for Abuse/Neglect

47. Child Red Flags for Abuse/Neglect • Anxiety • Depression • Self-mutilation, Suicidal gestures/attempts • Low self-esteem • Social maladjustment: Delinquent behavior (such as running away from home), use of alcohol or other drugs, academic/behavioral problems in school, poor peer relationships, aggressive behavior • Other significant behavioral changes

48. Other Concerning Behaviors • Wariness of adults • Discomfort when other children cry • Fear of parents or of going home. This may be demonstrated by a child who comes to school too early or does not want to leave at the end of the school day. • Wearing clothing inappropriate for the weather (though be aware that this may be a cultural issue as well)

49. Who Are Mandated Reporters? Mandated reporters are individuals who are mandated by law to report known or suspected instances of child maltreatment Over 40 categories listed in CANRA (P.C. 11165.7) Primarily people who have regular contact with children through their employment

50. Deciding When to Report • When one "has knowledge of or observes a child in his or her professional capacity, or within the scope of his or her employmentwhom he or she knows or reasonably suspects has been the victim of child abuse or neglect..." (P.C. 11166 a) • If you suspect, REPORT!!!! • Proof of abuse is notrequired; that will be determined through investigation by the child welfare professionals or law enforcement