Immunization and Vaccination Guide for Nurses | Promoting Public Health Safety

1. Done by : Shireennafez Ayathamdan

2. Outlines • objectives • Definition of immunization • Types of immunization • Causes of infection • Definition Vaccination • The significance of vaccine • Types of vaccination • Vaccination schedule in Jordan • Barriers of immunization • The role of nurses in immunization • Article • Reference and conclusion

3. Goals and Objectives Objectives: A. Define immunization and vaccination B. Describe the significance of immunization for public health safety C. Identify the risks and benefits of immunizations D. Discuss safety of immunization with the public E. Demonstrate safe administration of vaccinations to clients F. Summarize the Role of the Nurses in Public Health concerning Immunization

4. Immunization “Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease,.

5. Types of Immunization

6. Active Immunization: • Resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen and is characterized by the production of antibodies by the host

7. Passive Immunization • Immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host • Passive is acquired either naturally • Done by administration of serum or gamma globulins from a person who immunized to non immune person

8. Causes of infections Bacteria causes: BCG Diphtheria pertussis Tetanus Hemophilus Influenza Type B(Hib) • Viruses causes: • Polio • Meseals • Mumps • Rubella • Hepatitis b • rotavirus

9. TUBERCULOSIS • Is an infectious disease caused by bacteria affects the lung and other parts • The classic symptoms are cough with blood containing sputum fever .night sweats • Is spread through the air

20. Video : reasons to immunize 

21. What is a Vaccine? • A vaccine is usually a protein similar to part of a virulent infectious organism, that can be recognized by an individual’s immune system. • It produces antibodies or cell-mediated immunity against the antigen in the vaccine.

22. Types of Vaccines

23. vac in Jordan

24. Risks Vaccination Risks and Benefits Benefits Prevention of infectious diseases that once killed or harmed many infants, children, and adults. Benefit community health as well as individual health. • Side effects • Minor local reaction • Severe allergic reaction • Vaccine may not be effective • Public health nurses are in a critical position to provide this information

26. Nursing Roles and Responsibilities • Maintain a master list of eligible children for immunization. • Administer immunization following the protocols in right administration of vaccines (right dose, right route, right schedule and interval, and proper utilization of cold chain). • Infuse proper aseptic technique and infection control (one syringe: one child and proper disposal of syringes) • Provide health teachings regarding EPI i.e. scheduled immunization activity to enhance the awareness of community and motivate them to adhere with the campaigns. • Conduct visits in the community to assess their needs and to identify cases of EPI diseases. Have an updated record of children who had received immunization and the like and report cases if there is .

27. Recommended temperatures

29. Barriers to immunization: • Parents’ lack of awareness of immunization schedule . • Parents’ lack of knowledge about vaccines and their importance . • Misinformation about long-term side effects and safety concerns . • Lack of motivation to have themselves or their children vaccinated. • Forgetting to make vaccination appointments. • Fears about vaccine safety and adverse effects. • Misconceptions like a belief t hat sources of information about vaccines can’t be trusted, the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases is low, the risk-benefit ratio is too high, infants are too fragile to handle vaccinations, or too many shots at once can harm a child. • Logistical issues, such as complicated vaccination schedules, financial problems, confusing clinic policies, and transportation problems. • Weak Capacity of Human Resource . • Low Motivation of the Staff . Video: how risky are vaccines

30. The Role of the Nurses in Public Health concerning Immunization • 1 . Prevention :The nurse’s role in preventing diseases is to… • provide accurate information about vaccine-preventable diseases and to advocate that all children receive appropriate vaccinations at the appropriate times.  • 2 . Breaking Down the Barriers : the first and most important thing you must do is… • acknowledge the family's concerns. •  provide education to correct misconceptions, and offer accurate information about the benefits and risks of vaccines • answer parents’ questions about vaccines and their safety. • 3 . Communication: nurses play a key role in… • providing that advice and helping guide parental decisions about their child’s vaccinations.  • Keeping themselves well-informed about current immunization news, safety issues, and recent data supporting the benefits of maintaining vaccination schedules.

31. 4 . safety : safe handling and administration by… • Adherence to storage temperatures and expiration dates must be followed. •  staying apprised of information regarding the administration of vaccines To avoid any potential negative reaction to a vaccine. •  attention must be paid to the need for administration via an intramuscular route versus a subcutaneous route. • appropriate screening for contraindications . 5 . Follow-Up :This level of efficiency can pose problems for the patient receiving the vaccination • The CDC advises that the patient should be observed  for at least 15 minutes after vaccination.

32. article • Title : Effectiveness of interventions that apply new media to improve vaccine uptake and vaccine coverage. Authors: anna Odone1,*, antonio Ferrari1, Francesca spagnoli1, sara Visciarelli1, abigail shefer2, cesira Pasquarella1, and carlo signorelli1 ; January 2015; methods: new media Results :Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The majority of the studies were conducted in the Us (74%, n = 14); 68% (n = 13) of the studies were experimental, the rest having an observational study design. eleven (58%) reported results on the primary outcome. Retrieved studies explored the role of: text messaging (n.7, 37%), smartphone applications (n.1, 5%), Youtube videos (n.1, 5%), Facebook (n.1, 5%), targeted websites and portals (n.4, 21%), software for physicians and health professionals (n.4, 21%), and email communication (n.1, 5%). There is some evidence that text messaging, accessing immunization campaign websites, using patient-held web-based portals and computerized reminders increase immunization coverage rates. Insufficient evidence is available on the use of social networks, email communication and smartphone applications.

33. Conclusion • the less we vaccinate the more chance we give disease to spread • Immunization is one of the most cost effective health interventions • Investing in vaccines SAVES more money than it costs

34. References -CDC. (2012). Immunization: The basics. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/imz-basics.htm • http://blog.supplementalhealthcare.com/patient-care-forum/nurses-role-immunization-safety-and-awareness • http://www.rncentral.com/blog/2012/rns-play-major-role-in-promoting-vaccinations-and-preventing-disease/ • http://healthcaretraveler.modernmedicine.com/healthcare-traveler/content/tags/measles/nurses-play-key-role-vaccination-success -Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

35. How risky are vaccines Next