G LOBAL W ATER C YLINDER

GLOBAL WATER CYLINDER Preston Chin Robert Heath Johnny Henderson Anders Jorgen Robert Murray Justin Lam Jonathon Lister Dennon Oosterman

TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOBALWATERCYLINDER Our Goal Causes of the Problem Symptoms Effect on the World Why Solve The Issue What Options There Are The Design 2-D W.A.T.E.R. & Team 9’s GWC is a project dedicated to finding a way to create universal access to clean drinking water, around the world. Drawing inspiration from all scientific fields, including physics, chemistry, biology and environmental systems, the team is attempting to design both short and long term solutions for today’s modern water problem in some of the most inhospitable locations around the world. The Design 3-D The Plan The Resources The Costs Carrying It Out OUR WEBSITE

To provide access to and water. universal safe clean water

TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOBALWATERCYLINDER Our Goal Causes of the Problem Symptoms Effect on the World Why Solve The Issue What Options There Are The Design 2-D W.A.T.E.R. & Team 9’s GWC is a project dedicated to finding a way to create universal access to clean drinking water, around the world. Drawing inspiration from all scientific fields, including physics, chemistry, biology and environmental systems, the team is attempting to design both short and long term solutions for today’s modern water problem in some of the most inhospitable locations around the world. The Design 3-D The Plan The Resources The Costs Carrying It Out OUR WEBSITE

NEXT SEVERITY OF THE PROBLEM Can be measured by: • The number of people infected bydiseases known to be associated with unclean water: 3 billion cases of illness related to unclean water • The number of people dying from lack of safe water every year: 5 million deaths are reported each year, the majority of which are children • The fraction of the world's population without access to safe drinking water: Clean water is available to 1/3 of world’s population, which in turn means that 2/3 of the world's population lack water that is safe to drink

BACK NEXT CAUSES Microbes and their Occurrence in Water• Bacteria – found in groundwater, and surface water• Pathogenic bacteria – from human and animal waste• Protozoa – in natural water sources• Viruses – found in water supplies, surface water, comes from human/animal waste• Helminthes – intestinal worms.

BACK NEXT CAUSES Sources of Microbial Contamination• Failure of sewage disposal – direct infiltration to groundwater.• Discharge of untreated/improperly treated sewage.• Too much sewage put onto plants,contaminated water run off to surface water.• Runoff of animal wastes to surface water.• Animal waste infiltrating groundwater from confined animal feedlots.

BACK NEXT CAUSES Metal and Chemical Contamination • Heavy metal contamination. • Petroleum-based fuels. • Arsenic. • Radon gas. • Chlorinated solvents (dry-cleaning fluid.)

BACK HOME CAUSES Sources of Metal and Chemical Contamination • Mainly from mining, metal smelting, electroplating and chemical manufacturing industries. • Some chemicals naturally occur in the Earth’s crust and emerge in aquifers.

HOME S Y M P T O M S Due to microbial contamination • acute dehydrating diarrhea (cholera). • abdominal illness (typhoid fever). • acute diarrhea (dysentery). • chronic diarrhea (Brainerd diarrhea). Due to metal and chemical contamination • long-term liver damage and kidney damage • nervous system disorders • loss of fingernails and hair • blood pressure changes and circulatory problems.

NEXT EFFECT ON THE WORLD Human Health Effects • Affects the healthof people in the world – diseases in dirty water • According to WHO and US Center for Disease Control,2 billionat risk to water related bacterial diseases • Affects productivity– without basic needs for survival, a developed society cannot be formed

BACK NEXT EFFECT ON THE WORLD Numbers Around the Globe • $170 billion loss in water-related illnesses (Jan. 26, 2007) • Clean water is available to 1/3 of world’s population • 1.1 – 1.4 billion people lack safe water range • 2.4 to 2.9 billion lack basic sanitation services

BACK HOME EFFECT ON THE WORLD Numbers Around The Globe • United Nations’ World Health Organization – 3 billion cases of illness and 5 million deaths, majority is children, attributed to unsafe water. • 5000 children die every day, one every 8 seconds.

HOME IF THE PROBLEM WAS SOLVED… • Mortality due to lack of safe drinking water would decrease. • Many places would have more access to clean water. • Improves economy of countries formerly lacking clean water because they have basic resources

HOME WHAT OPTIONS DO WE HAVE? Desalination, UV filtration is far too costly, UV lights can break easily. • Basic gravity filtration • Desalination plants at the ocean • UV filtration – using UV lights to clean water • In-straw filter • Electrolysis • Boiling water The most viable is… • Gravity filtration, combined with process via fuel cell. In straw filter is only a disposable fix. Boiling requires too much energy.

GLOBALWATERCYLINDER HOME 1 *click on the corresponding components for information. 2 6 5 7 3 8 4

BACK GRAVITY FILTERRINGS • Composed of 5 gravity mesh filters, the gravity filter has meshes that get progressively finer. • The essentially stop all visible matter from entering the fuel cells, thus protecting them from damage and prolonging their life.

BACK PRELIMINARYMESH • The primary mesh filter is a strong mesh over the water input of the GWC. • It prevents rocks, twigs and larger objects from entering the GWC, which means the machine cannot be clogged and cannot be damaged by large, heavy objects. • Since the main mesh is so strong and secure, it will not be damaged by these objects.

BACK SOLARPANELS • The brand new nanotechnology used in these solar panels allows for very cost-effective production and a very durable product. • They are very strong and have a long lifespan. They power the first fuel cell, which breaks water into its component parts: hydrogen and oxygen.

BACK RESIDUETRAY • The residue tray is where everything that is not hydrogen or oxygen falls down into from the first fuel cell. • It allows for people to quickly and easily clean the residue left by the dirty water that was not captured by the gravity filter. • The minimal amount of residue will be so small that the tray will not need to be cleaned very often (but for hygiene reasons, should be cleaned often anyway).

BACK HOLDINGTANK • The holding tank keeps the processed clean water clean and safe to drink. • It has a tap on the bottom that allows water to leave but does not allow air to enter (that may be contaminated).

BACK TAP • The tap allows people to quickly access the clean water being stored in the holding tank. It is designed so that water can leave, but air (that may be contaminated) cannot enter.

BACK FUEL CELLS • The first fuel cell is powered by the solar panels and the second fuel cell. It breaks water into it component parts (hydrogen and oxygen) and sends them to the second fuel cell. It also disposed of any residue by letting it fall down into residue tray (essentially, if its not hydrogen or oxygen, its not getting through the cells). • The second fuel cell reassembles the pure hydrogen and oxygen into dihydrogen oxide, or water. This is 100% pure water that is then sent to a holding tank for future (or immediate) use.

BACK CIRCUIT BOX • The circuit box is a nearly indestructible, airtight piece of equipment that processes the GWC’s electronic needs. It wires energy from the solar panels to the first fuel cell and from the second fuel cell to the first. It is designed to outlast the rest of the GWC, so that even under the best conditions it is the last piece to fail.

GLOBALWATERCYLINDER HOME *more of the internal systems are included in the 2-D diagram. Preliminary Mesh Gravity Filter Support Legs Solar Panels Holding Tank Tap Residue Tray

BACK SUPPORTLEGS • When pouring in water, it is very likely that the GWC may become side and top heavy. • To prevent any damage to the structure and people using it, the legs keep the GWC supported and sturdy, even while processing large quantities of water.