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Mastering the Art of Argument: Understanding Persuasion Techniques

Explore the concept of argumentation, different types of arguments, classifications, appeals to emotion, character, and reason to effectively convey your viewpoint. Learn to apply ethos, logos, and pathos, and discover how different arguments can influence decision-making processes.

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Mastering the Art of Argument: Understanding Persuasion Techniques

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  1. Chapter 1

  2. Arguments express a point of view What is an argument?

  3. What kinds of arguments can be initiated concerning the following items? What is an argument?

  4. What kinds of arguments can be initiated concerning the following items? What is an argument? Example: In an effort to promote equality among the sexes, women should be required to register for the armed forces at age 18.

  5. What kinds of arguments can be initiated concerning the following items? What is an argument? Example: Consuming too many sweets during early childhood can promote lifelong obesity, higher rates of adult cancer, and high blood pressure.

  6. What kinds of arguments can be initiated concerning the following items? What is an argument? Example: Smoke free policies in public spaces have an immediate and lasting effect on public health.

  7. Purpose of argument: • Inform • Convince • Explore • Make decisions • Mediate or pray What is an argument?

  8. Use argument to discover some version of the truth using evidence and reasons • Use argument to discover a truth • Use persuasion when you know a truth What is an argument?

  9. Occasions for argument: • Arguments about the past • Arguments about the future – deliberative arguments – what should happen • Arguments about the present – often about contemporary values within a society What is an argument?

  10. Kinds of argument (stasis – the kinds of issues they address) • Did something happen • What is the nature of the thing • What is the quality of the thing • What actions should be taken What is an argument?

  11. Classifications of Argument/Rhetoric • The Classical Model (13) • Narration (17) • Description (18) • Process Analysis ( • Exemplification (20) • Comparison/Contrast (21) • Classification and Division (22) • Definition (24) • Cause and Effect (25)

  12. Appealing to audiences • Pathos – emotional appeals or arguments from the heart • Ethos – appeals based on character • Logos – appeals based on facts and reason • Inductive: reasoning from specific to general • Deductive: reasoning from general to specific What is an argument?

  13. Pathos – emotional appeals or arguments from the heart • Concrete and descriptive language can paint a picture in reader’s minds • Figurative language – metaphors, similes, analogies – can capture attention and appeal to emotion Pathos Arguments

  14. Ethos – appeals based on character • An argument’s success is often • dependent on the writer’s ethos – or presentation of self • Audiences respond to writers or speakers who seem authoritative or trustworthy Ethos Arguments

  15. Logos – appeals based on facts and reason • Inductive reasoning – drawing a generalization based on examples • Deductive reasoning – draws a conclusion by assuming a general principle (major premise) then applying that principle to a specific case (minor premise) Logos Arguments

  16. Which of the following is a logos argument? • 1) Amy’s family was devastated by the loss of her little brother when a shotgun accidentally discharged in the house and shot him through the spleen. Americans should not be allowed to own firearms. • 2) As noted in the New England Journal of Medicine, gun ownership does not significantly increase the number of homicides in the home. Americans should be encouraged to own firearms. Logos Arguments

  17. Which of the following is a logos argument? • 1) Amy’s family was devastated by the loss of her little brother when a shotgun accidentally discharged in the house and shot him through the spleen. Americans should not be allowed to own firearms. • 2) As noted in the New England Journal of Medicine, gun ownership does not significantly increase the number of homicides in the home. Americans should own a firearm if it enhances their feelings of personal safety. Logos Arguments

  18. Essay Analysis: Use examples from the text to explain the following for each paragraph: 1. SOAPSTone or Rhetorical Triangle 2.How can I classify this argument? 3. What type of argument is this (ethos, logos, pathos, or combination?) 4.What does this remind me of? 5. What do I agree with? 6.What do I disagree with?

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