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Selective Service. Mr. Carpenter USPS`. Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. President FDR signed Created the nation’s first peacetime draft Formally established Selective Service System. Who has to register?. US Citizens or US Nationals Permanent Residents Refugees Parolees
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Selective Service Mr. Carpenter USPS`
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 • President FDR signed • Created the nation’s first peacetime draft • Formally established Selective Service System
Who has to register? US Citizens or US Nationals Permanent Residents Refugees Parolees Asylees Special Agricultural Workers Undocumented Aliens Males born after December 31, 1959
Who is exempt? Females Men born before January 1, 1960 Men serving active duty If discharged before age 26 still required Men enrolled in military academies Citizens of Palau, Marshall Islands, or Micronesia Lawful Nonimmigrant Males
State Drivers License Legislation • Max Penalty for failure to register: • $250,000 fine • Up to 5 years in prison • Ineligible for number of federal and state benefits: • Federal Jobs (ex. Postal Service) • Student Financial Aid Cannot obtain Federal student loans or grants (ex. Pell Grants)
Sequence of Events • Congress and the President authorize draft • Lottery held • All parts of selective service activated • Physical, Mental, and Moral evaluation of registrants • Local and appeal boards activated • First draftees inducted
1. Congress and the President authorize draft Crisis occurs Congress passes President signs legislation which starts a draft Think this could happen in the near future?
2. The lottery A lottery based on birthdays determines the order First to be called will be men whose 20th birthday falls during that year followed by those aged 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 18 & 19 year olds would be LAST!
Selective Service Lottery • National Draft Lottery held to determine order in which young men are drafted • Because of enormous impact of a draft it would be conducted publicly, with full media coverage
In Class Activity All males: write out your full birthday We will collect birthdates and place them into a box Next we will draw numbers 1-20 Compile a chart of dates and numbers to see who would be selected first
Process Explained Birthday method – each day of the year selected and placed in a large drum at random Numbers 1-365 (366 for leap years) placed in second large drum
Process continued If “Aug 4” is drawn from “date” drum and the sequence number “32” is drawn from second drum then those individuals born on “Aug 4” would be ordered for induction after sequences 1-31 complete. Process completed until all 365 (or 366) birthdays are finished with a sequence. Immediately the first induction notices are prepared and sent via mailgram to those with low numbers.
3. All parts of selective service are activated State directors and Reserve Forces Officers report to duty
4. Physical, Mental, and Moral Evaluation of Registrant • Registrants ordered to report for a physical, mental, and moral evaluation • Once he is notified of the results, given 10 days to file a claim of exemption, postponement, or deferment
Classifications • 1-A : Available immediately for military service • 1-O, 1-A-O : Conscientious Objector • 3-A : Hardship Deferment • If service would cause hardship upon family • 4-F : Not qualified for military service • Physical disabilities • Mental disabilities • Moral disqualifications
Conscientious Objector • Defined: One who is opposed to serving in the armed forces and/or bearing arms on the grounds of moral or religious principles • Need to explain: • How he arrived at his beliefs • The influence his beliefs have had on how he lives life • Beliefs may be moral or ethical – CANNOT be based on politics, convenience, or self interest. • May hold jobs such as Conservation, education, health care
Question Are students exempt from military drafts? Why or why not? Should conscientious objectors be allowed to avoid military service?
Student Postponements • College student may postpone induction: • Until end of current semester • If a senior – until the end of the current academic year • High school student may have his induction postponed until he graduates or until he reaches age 20
5. Local and Appeal Boards Activated and Induction Notices Sent Local and appeal boards process registrant claims Inductees have 10 days to report to local Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for induction
6. First Draftees Are Inducted According to current plans, Selective Service must deliver the first inductees to the military within 193 days from the onset of a crisis
Current Draft Law • Today there would be fewer reasons to excuse a man from service • Very restricted college deferment – during Vietnam could defer if attending college “satisfactorily” • “Only Sons” myth: • Only Sons, "last man to carry the family name,” and “sole surviving sons” MUST register and CAN be drafted • Peacetime exemption: • Parent or sibling killed in action, died in line of duty, or as a result of military service • Parent or sibling is captured or missing in action
Questions Should the draft include women? Should a draft or involuntary service be mandatory even in times of peace? Are the penalties for not registering for selective service too steep or not severe enough?
