HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Hist. Pers.

2. Union Growth and Decline • 1897 - 1905 • Increase from 3.5% - 12.3% • 1905 - 1915 • Stayed at about 10-11% • 1915 - 1921 • Increase from 11.2% - 19.6% • 1922- 1933 • Decrease from 19% - 11.8% • 1934 - WWII • Increased from about 11.8% to 21.8%

3. Union Growth and Decline(WWII and Since) • 1945 - 29.9% • 1953 - 32% • 1955 - 35% • Steady Decline since mid 1950’s

4. 1996 Total U.S. 14.5% members; 16.2% repped By sector Private - 10.2% members; 11.2% repped Public - 37.7% members; 43.0% repped 1999 Total U.S. 13.9%% members; 15.3% repped By sector Private - 9.4% members; 10.2% repped Public - 37.3% members; 42.1% repped Unionization, Comparison of Recent Years Hist. Pers.

5. Historical Influences on U.S. Unionism • Strong Management and Employers • Law and Government Policy • Inability of Unions to Stay Organized Hist. Pers.

6. Labor History: An Overview • Knights of Labor • 1869 - 1890 • Fast Rise and Decline • Industrial Workers of the World • 1905-1920 • class consciousness Hist. Pers.

7. Modern Union Structures • American Federation of Labor • 1881(renamed AFL in 1886) • Conservative • Survival Oriented • Craft Structure • Congress of Industrial Organizations (1935-38) • Industrial Unions • 1955 Merger of AFL and CIO Hist. Pers.

8. Management Practices(Great Variation in U.S.) • 1900- 1920’s • Overt Hostility • Mid 1920’s to early 1930’s • Welfare Capitalism and Company Unionism • 1930’s to 1950’s • resistance and adversarialism • Since 1950’s • Bifurcated IR system, union and nonunion Hist. Pers.