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Telecommunication Technologies and Rural Development

Telecommunication Technologies and Rural Development. E-Development August 1, 2000. Can Telecom and IT be for the Disadvantaged?. All wealth, knowledge and power is concentrated in urban areas.

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Telecommunication Technologies and Rural Development

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  1. Telecommunication Technologies and Rural Development E-Development August 1, 2000

  2. Can Telecom and IT be for the Disadvantaged? • All wealth, knowledge and power is concentrated in urban areas. • Telecommunications allows distribution of these resources to the rural areas hoping to reduce the gap between have and have-nots • In India 15 million telephones for 1000 million people (1997) • Per line cost is twice as more expensive in rural areas • If IT is properly harnessed it can become an enabler for rural people to reach out and advance themselves.

  3. Situation in India • 25% of phones in 4 metropolitan cities • 74% lives in rural areas • 1 per 10,000 has Internet subscription • 150,000 long distance circuits in 1996

  4. What needs to be done • Need to make a determined effort to provide the infrastructure in small towns and rural areas. • The infrastructure development must pay for itself. • If something enables people, people find the money to pay for it.

  5. Telecom & Infrastructure Requirement • Evaluate how much telephone lines we need • Telephone should be used for next 15 years. Data service must be provided too. • Currently, having a telephone line is a precondition for getting access to the Internet • Currently, fastest means to deploy Internet is through phone lines, but the demands of Internet access requires more capacity on the phone lines. • Unreliable dial up link • Must be affordable

  6. Technologies • See figures

  7. Deployment Scenarios • See figures

  8. The Possibilities and Impediments • Need for initial capital investment is enormous • Entrepreunerial spirit can be utilized • Government policies need to be changed regarding these operators

  9. Need for Telecommunications • timely provision of food, medicine and health care, particularly for rescue and relief operations in disaster situations, depends heavily on the availability of telecommunications • TV and other mass media could not fulfill their important mission of shaping public opinion and mobilizing resources for assistance without telecommunications • the human sufferings caused by natural disasters could in many cases be avoided or at least reduced by means of telecommunication applications for remote sensing, telemetry, meteorology and early warning systems

  10. In the past • Telephony was sufficient • Now you need data services • Distance learning

  11. Current Leading Edge Tech • LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites such as GlobalStar have world wide coverage • VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Satellite systems • Wireless mobile, cellular radio communication systems • TDMA, CDMA • Fiber optics (WDM) • RSU (Remote Switching Units) increase local exchange area coverage • Solar power • Smart cards

  12. Problem with Wireless Solutions • Expensive for densely populated areas • Less bandwidth • Difficulty in planning for optimum use of available frequencies • Susceptible to weather • Proprietary hardware and software platforms

  13. Telecommunication is Commercial • Telecommunication is driven by the business opportunities

  14. Barriers • a market that can bear the cost does not yet exist, and many countries need to change their policies to create a more attractive investment climate

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