Students copy only the RED words or phrases

1. Students copy only the RED words or phrases

2. World History Standards Packet

3. Post-World War I CHAPTER 15

4. Tradition • WWI viewed as a family feud • “old ways” pushed world into war

5. Government Instability • Most countries become democracies after World War I • Many democratic governments were unsuccessful and failed to support their people • Political parties fight for control • Rise of the communist party in Russia, fascist party in Italy, and Nazi party in Germany

6. Women • Roles change: • women worked during the war • cut their hair short, smoke, and drink, war make-up, and promote birth control • 1920: women get the right to vote

7. Literature • “All Quiet on the Western Front” • About the horrors of trench warfare and futility of World War One

8. Lost Generation • Writers were known as the lost generation because they wrote about themes including feelings of loss and fear, death destruction, and despair • Famous authors: • Stein, Hemingway, Joyce, Kafka, Fitzgerald

9. Art • Artists and writers portray this sense of loss and confusion in their paintings and writings • Artists began to paint using obscure styles that were not created to look like items a person would see in real life (because artists felt real life at the time was hard to deal with) • Dali: • Known for surrealism: dream-like painting) • Inspired by Sigmund Freud and his study of dreams

10. Picasso: • known for dadaism(painting with no meaning or purpose) and cubism (painting using obscure shapes and geometric figures) • broke rules to create his art

11. Russian Revolution CHAPTER 14

12. Causes of the Revolution • Royal Family • out of touch with the needs of the people • Involvement in World War I: • Czar Nicolas loses popularity due to WWI • Reveals Russia’s weakness- that they had not industrialized (not enough guns for all soldiers) • costs Russia too much money • hardships experienced during Russia’s participation in World War I will result in the result in the downfall of the czar

13. Bloody Sunday • people protest against working conditions and low wages • Soldiers shoot at protestors, kill hundreds of unarmed Russian people • March Revolution • led by angry women protesting the price of bread • soldiers ordered to shoot, instead join the women • Czar abdicates the throne

14. Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin and the Bolsheviks (communists) take control of the government of Russia • Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution would inspire others to start other socialist rebellions though out Europe • Causes the Civil War (White vs. Red Army)

15. Lenin • Led the Bolshevik Revolution • Established a communist government in Russia • Renamed Russia, the USSR

16. Totalitarian Methods • Executes royal family and others against communism • Uses concentration camps (aka “Gulags”), secret police (Checka), terror and censorship to make people obey him

17. Stalin’s Rise to Power • Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, assassinated in Mexico by Soviet agent • Puts his supporters in government positions

18. Economic Policies • Stalin attempts to industrialize Russia • 5 Year Plan: involves the use of collective farms (large farms) and building factories • Command Economy: all economic decisions made by government officials (Stalin)

19. Totalitarian Methods • Gulag, secret police, censorship (newspapers, radio, art, music, books, etc.) persecution of religion, education, torture, starvation, execution

20. Ukraine & Human Rights Violations • Kulaks – middle class farmers • refused to give up their land • 2 million were executed or starved to death in an artificial famine created by Stalin • Great Purge: • Stalin purged (killed or jailed) those who opposed him especially those in the communist party • Brought deaths to millions of people

21. Totalitarianism CHAPTER 15

25. World War II CHAPTER 16

26. Appeasement What is it?giving into a potential enemy (Germany and Italy) in order to keep peace Who practiced this?Britain & France When was it used?At the Munich Conference, Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister, allows Germany to have the Sudetenland

27. Isolation What is it? staying out of foreign wars Who practiced this?U.S. Why? U.S. did not want to get involved in European affairs after WWI

28. Economic Depression • Worldwide economic depression. • German depression used by Nazi’s to gain power • Countries not prepared to fight war – isolation U.S., appeasement France, Britain

29. Non-Aggression Pact What is it? an agreement not to fight, also called Hitler-Stalin Pact Who signed this?USSR & Germany Why?Hitler & Stalin secretly agree to share Poland

30. Invasion of Poland • Event that started World War II • Britain and France to declare war on Germany

31. Allied Powers • Britain, United States of America, Soviet Union • BUSASU

32. Axis Powers • Germany, Italy, Japan (G. I. Japan)

33. Dunkirk • Hitler dominates France • French troops flee from Germans at Dunkirk on British rescue boats, yachts, and fishing boats

34. Battle of Britain • Hitler attempts to conquer Britain, but he fails • Why British are successful: radar, enigma, high British morale • This battle proved Hitler’s attacks could be blocked

35. Pearl Harbor • Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii • Pres. Roosevelt called it “A day which will live in infamy…” • U.S. enters WWII because of this attack • U.S. main priority when they enter WWII is to defeat Germany, then Japan

36. D-Day • Allies invade beaches of Northern France • Liberated France and Belgium • break through German forces and head onto Germany

37. Battle of the Bulge • Last German offensive • Allies press in on Germany from the east and west

38. Yalta Conference Attendees: Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill Main Purpose:restructuring/rebuilding Europe after World War II

39. Potsdam Conference Attendees:Truman, Stalin, Churchill Main Purpose:restructuring/rebuilding Japan after World War II

42. Nuremberg Laws • started the Holocaust • laws that systematically stripped the Jews of their rights

43. Concentration Camps • Hitler sent the “undesirable” people to these camps and death camps • Included political and war prisoners, communists, gypsies, Jews, handicapped, ill, and homosexuals

44. Final Solution • The goal of killing of all European Jews (genocide)

45. Holocaust • 6 million Jews killed by Hitler

46. Nuclear Weapons • Used on Japan by United States to end WWII • Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki • U.S. make the first one

47. Eastern Europe • Soviet Union suffered from the most civilian and military causalities during WWII • Soviet Union occupied Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungaryat the end of WWII • Known as satellite nations of Soviet Union • becamecommunist • Also known as countries “behind the iron curtain”

48. Recovery of Japan & Germany • U.S. occupied these countries • wrote constitutions for them • U.S. rebuilt their cities, industries, and economies

49. Cold War CHAPTER 17

50. Cold War • Soviet Union & US emerge as superpowers after WWII • Divide the world – • US promotes spread of democracy and capitalism • Soviet Union promotes spread of communism • Closest came U.S. and Soviet Union came to nuclear war- Cuban Missile Crisis