Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

1. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Stockpile ** Logistics Expertise Improving Disease Response **

2. Background • National repository of critical veterinary supplies • Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 • Directed the Secretary in 2004 to establish the National Veterinary Stockpile (NVS) • Required the NVS to • Augment local/state resources by deploying within 24 hours “sufficient amounts of animal vaccine, antiviral, or therapeutic products to appropriately respond to the most damaging animal diseases affecting human health and the economy” • Leverage the work done by the Strategic National Stockpile at CDC NVS Sensitive Material

3. Background • Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 • Reflects the nation’s concern that terrorists could simultaneously, in multiple locations, release disease threats of catastrophic proportions; thus, the need for an NVS that could provide huge quantities of critical veterinary supplies to the right place at the right time for as long as necessary. NVS Sensitive Material

4. The New Reality After 9/11 “I, for the life of me, cannot understand why terrorists have not attacked our food supply because it is so easy to do.” Tommy Thompson Former Secretary HHS “This disease (foot and mouth) has many useful characteristics for a terrorist creating a livestock epidemic.” Agroterrorism Disease Outbreak Scenarios and Economic Considerations for the National Veterinary Stockpile NVS Sensitive Material

5. Mission Deliver critical veterinary items and services to animal disease outbreaks within 24 hours NVS Sensitive Material 5

6. Goals By 2011, acquire countermeasures against the first 10 of the 17 most dangerous animal disease threats By 2016, acquire countermeasures against all 17 of the most dangerous threats NVS Sensitive Material 6

7. Disease Threats 1. High Pathogenic AI (F) 2. Foot-and-Mouth Disease 3. Rift Valley fever (F) 4. Exotic Newcastle Disease 5. Nipah and Hendra virus (F) 6. Classical swine fever 7. African swine fever 8. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (?) 9. Rinderpest 10. Japanese encephalitis (F) 11. African horse sickness 12. Venezuelan equine (F) encephalitis 13. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia 14. Ehrlichia ruminantium (Heartwater) 15. Eastern equine encephalitis (F) 16. Coxiella burnetii (F) 17. Akabane virus Zoonotic diseases: (F) fatal, (?) possible NVS Sensitive Material 7

8. Countermeasure Determination Evaluates Threats (diseases or agents including vectors) that exist and against which the NVS may have to respond Comparative importance of each threat Size, location, and characteristics of animal populations at risk Response time and duration for countering the threat NVS Sensitive Material 8

9. Countermeasure Determination Research, surveillance, epidemiology, economy issues, and policy associated with each threat Life-cycle costs of countermeasures (i.e. costs of purchase + storage + maintenance + replenishment + shelf life extension + disposal) NVS Sensitive Material 9

10. Oversight and Advice NVS Sensitive Material

11. IGC Composition • USDA’s Centers for Veterinary Biologics • Department of Homeland Security • Environmental Protection Agency • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Food and Drug Administration NVS Sensitive Material

12. Organization NVS Sensitive Material

13. Business Processes NVS Sensitive Material 13

14. Countermeasures Determination • Evaluates • Threats (diseases or agents including vectors) that exist and against which the NVS may have to respond • Comparative importance of each threat • Size, location, and characteristics of animal populations at risk • Response time and duration for countering the threat NVS Sensitive Material

15. Countermeasures Determination • Research, surveillance, epidemiology, economy issues, and policy associated with each threat • Life-cycle costs of countermeasures (i.e. costs of purchase + storage + maintenance + replenishment + shelf life extension + disposal) NVS Sensitive Material

16. Purchase Purchase, hold internally what we need immediately but may not be able to get from the commercial sector - stockpile managed inventory (SMI) Owned by NVS Managed by NVS Purchase, vendors hold and rotate shelf life items - vendor managed inventory (VMI) Owned by NVS Managed by vendors Contract forguaranteed access to materiel - vendor managed inventory (VMI) Owned by vendors Managed by vendors Accessible by NVS and other parts of APHIS Contract for service NVS Sensitive Material 16

17. Place Multiple locations essential for security and proximity Currently in one Midwest location Evaluating coastal locations to reduce risk that weather, sabotage, labor problems will prevent deployment NVS Sensitive Material 17

18. Manage Control internal and vendor inventory to ensure support Rotate and extend to minimize costs Kit, label, pack for rapid transport and identification in the field NVS Sensitive Material 18

19. Planned Response Sets/Services Horse • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Swine or sheep • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Poultry • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Cattle • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Tools • Applicators • Documentation supplies • Facilities: tentage or mobile vans Vaccines and Therapeutics Diagnostics Response Support Comm, Cmd Ctrs, Pack & Ship Units Services Depop, Dispose, Decon NVS Sensitive Material 19

20. Deploy Arrive within 24 hours Pack products for rapid pick & load Organize and label shipments for rapid Id by responders Arrange 7/24 air and ground transport Exercise internal and vendor deployment procedures Help fed/state/local officials plan for NVS Exercise all to confirm their readiness NVS Sensitive Material 20

21. Federal, State, and Local NVS Responsibilities • Request NVS • Receive NVS (and state/local) supplies, • Store supplies (including temporary refrigeration where necessary) until final delivery is possible, • Stage supplies for delivery to multiple outbreak sites, • Manageinventory levels for replenishment • Distribute supplies to outbreak sites, and • Recover unused and reusable NVS assets. NVS Sensitive Material

22. NVS Request Process NVS Sensitive Material

23. NVS Request Key Questions • Is the threat serious? If yes, NVS goes on alert. • Are state/local resources sufficient? If no, NVS deploys after request to the NVS Director. • Are combined fed (NVS), state, and local resources sufficient? If no, incident command buys more commercially. • Are additional resources available commercially? If not, NVS deploys again. NVS Sensitive Material

24. Help States Plan for the NVS Distributed NVS guide for fed, state, local officials, describes the NVS, recommends state actions for NVS planning Briefed federal, state officials on the NVS based on information in the guide Issue pre-scripted Q & As Created outreach plan Working on self evaluation check lists for states Planning visits to states late 07 Exercising with states NVS Sensitive Material 24

25. Significant Events 2004 HSPD9 mandates NVS creation 2005 Steering committee defines threats, countermeasures, mission, and goals. Apr 06 Program begins - Director assumes duties Program support staff on board May 06 – Ready to deploy personal protective equipment Jul 06 – NVS exercise program begins (NC 7/06, GA 10/06) Oct 06 – Nov 06 – Ready to deploy AI vaccine Apr 07 – Deploy within 24 hours to West Virginia for LPAI in Turkeys May 07 First GAO report on NVS favorable Outreach begins: NVS guide issued to states Jun 07 – Establish 3D (depop, decon, disposal) contract support NVS Sensitive Material 25

26. Current Capabilities Personal Protective Equipment Antivirals AI vaccine AI field test kits Portable satellite comm equipment (voice and data) Portable vaccine shipment / storage containers Disinfectants 3D service contracts NVS Sensitive Material 26

27. 3D Service Contracts Multiple contractors: available for use concurrently Services: Depop, disposal, decon Response: 24 hours and scalable for personnel, equipment, supplies, purchase Pre-support contractor training: exercise and response involvement

28. Future Additions Supply Chain Management System Vaccine Test kits Animal handling & depop equipment Additional antivirals Incident Command Support Units (under evaluation) Coastal logistics centers Multiple cold storage locations NVS Sensitive Material 28

29. Planned Response Sets/Services Horse • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Swine or sheep • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Poultry • Response • Sets • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • PPE • Tools • Applicators Cattle • Pesticides • Disinfectants • Animal handling equipment • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Tools • Applicators • Documentation supplies • Facilities: tentage or mobile vans Vaccines and Therapeutics Diagnostics Response Support Comm, Cmd Ctrs, Pack & Ship Units Services 3D NVS Sensitive Material 29

30. NVS SummaryA New Weapon to Fight Disease Science based logistics expertise: Focused on disease response, Coordinating planning before an event, Managing on time delivery during an event, and Reducing response costs in multiple ways NVS Sensitive Material 30

31. NVS SummaryA New Weapon to Fight Disease Critical supplies and services delivered rapidly and reliably: Vaccines: an alternative to destroying infected and potentially exposed animals when the scale of an outbreak makes the exclusive use of depopulation unlikely. Personal protective equipment: supports fed/state for immediate and prolonged response Satellite communications equipment: reliable voice and data in any situation Contractor resources: Depop, decon, disposal service contracts NVS Sensitive Material 31

32. Questions? NVS@APHIS.USDA.GOV Glen Garris (Director) 301.734.5875 Richard Nolan 301.734.0824