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Microbes

Microbes. Chapter 11. Standard Course of Study. 6.03: Compare the life functions of protists. 7.01: Compare and contrast microbes. Students will be able to explain the differences between protists, bacteria, and viruses.

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Microbes

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  1. Microbes Chapter 11

  2. Standard Course of Study • 6.03: Compare the life functions of protists. • 7.01: Compare and contrast microbes. • Students will be able to explain the differences between protists, bacteria, and viruses. • VOCABULARY: virus, bacteria, protist, euglena, amoeba, paramecium, volvox

  3. What is a microbe? • A microbe is an organism that can only be seen with the help of a microscope. • Microbes include: • Viruses • Bacteria • Protists • Fungi

  4. Protists • Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus, but cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi. • Single- or multi-celled • May move with cilia, flagella, or pseudopods. • Size: 10 micrometers to 100 meters

  5. Three Types of Protists • 1. Plant-like: get energy from sun • 2. Animal-like: move through the environment & eat other organisms • 3. Fungus-like: absorb nutrients from the environment

  6. Examples of Protists • Euglena: plant-like, but can be autotroph or heterotroph • Volvox: plant-like, lives in colonies • Amoeba: animal-like, moves with pseudopods • Paramecium: animal-like, moves with cilia

  7. Nucleus • Nucleolus • Vacuoles • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts Diagram of a Protist

  8. Which statement best explains the movement of Euglena? • A) It expands and contracts its muscles. • B) It sways its tentacles. • C) It floats in its environment. • D) It swings its flagella.

  9. How do Amoebae move? • A) They move by using cilia. • B) They move by using pseudopods. • C) They move by using a flagellum. • D) The cells move by swimming together.

  10. What is one way Amoebae are different from Paramecia? • A) Amoebae move in a way different from that of Paramecia. • B) Amoebae are decomposers, but Paramecia are producers. • C) Amoebae produce their own food, but Paramecia do not. • D) Amoebae have cilia, but Paramecia do not.

  11. Bacteria • Single-celled • Bacteria are prokaryotes. Their genetic material is not found in a nucleus. • Size: 1-2 micrometers • Three main shapes: spherical, rodlike, or spiral.

  12. Examples of Bacteria • Cyanobacteria • E. coli • Lyme disease • Pneumonia • Syphilis • Strep throat • Anthrax • Tetanus

  13. Bacteria Diagram • Genetic material • Ribosomes • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Flagella

  14. Viruses • A virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and then reproduces inside of a living cell. • A virus may have DNA or RNA • Many shapes of viruses. • Size: 10-1,000 nanometers

  15. Examples of Viruses • Ebola • HIV • Influenza (flu) • Chicken pox • Hepatitis • Rabies • Polio

  16. Virus Structure • Viruses have two parts: • Genetic material (DNA or RNA) • Protein coat

  17. Virus Reproduction

  18. Which microorganisms are generally classified as nonliving? • A) bacteria • B) fungi • C) protists • D) viruses

  19. Which would be the most complex to study due to its changing structure? • A) polio virus • B) influenza virus • C) leprosy bacteria • D) pneumonia bacteria

  20. Which list of microbes is arranged in order of increasing size? • A) virus, protist, bacteria • B) virus, bacteria, protist • C) bacteria, virus, protist • D) bacteria, protist, virus

  21. Which is a microbe that contains genetic material and protein and is unable to reproduce outside a living cell? • A) virus • B) fungus • C) protist • D) bacteria

  22. Which structure is found only in eukaryotes? • A) nucleus • B) ribosome • C) cell wall • D) cell membrane

  23. Which best describes the main structural difference between viruses and bacteria? • A) Bacteria have DNA only; viruses have a cell wall and DNA. • B) Bacteria have a cell membrane and DNA; viruses have DNA only. • C) Bacteria have a protein coat and DNA; viruses have a cell membrane and DNA. • D) Bacteria have a cell wall, DNA, cytoplasm, and ribsomes; viruses consist of a protein coat and DNA.

  24. Influenza is caused by which microbe? • A) bacterium • B) fungus • C) parasite • D) virus

  25. Why are viruses not considered living organisms? • A) They cannot grow. • B) They do not require oxygen. • C) They cannot reproduce on their own. • D) They do not have a semi-permeable membrane.

  26. Which statement best contrasts a bacterium and a virus? • A) A bacterium can reproduce, whereas a virus will not reproduce. • B) A bacterium does not live on living things, whereas a virus does. • C) A bacterium is a one-celled living organism, whereas a virus is a nonliving organism. • D) A bacterium is a nonliving organism, whereas a virus is a one-celled living organism.

  27. How does the size of bacteria compare to the size of viruses? • A) Bacteria are larger than viruses. • B) Bacteria are smaller than viruses. • C) They are both relatively the same size. • D) The size depends on the specific virus or bacteria.

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