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MICROBES !!!

MICROBES !!!. Bacteria and Viruses. Bacteria:. Classification and Structure. What are the 6 Kingdoms?. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals. Classification of Bacteria. Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: Heterotrophs Photosynthetic autotrophs

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MICROBES !!!

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  1. MICROBES !!! Bacteria and Viruses

  2. Bacteria: Classification and Structure

  3. What are the 6 Kingdoms? • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  4. Classification of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: extremists • Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

  5. Archaebacteria • Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

  6. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs • Found everywhere • Parasites: live off of other organisms • Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

  7. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Photosynthetic: make their own food from light • Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red • ponds, streams, moist areas

  8. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs • Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen • Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

  9. Structure of Bacteria • Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

  10. Arrangement • Paired: diplo • Grape-like clusters: staphylo • Chains: strepto

  11. Shape • Rod: bacillus • Spheres: coccus • Spirals: spirillum

  12. Examples • Streptococcus: chains of spheres • Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals • Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

  13. Bacterial Diseases • Pneumonia • Strep Throat • Meningitis • Salmonella • Cholera • Bubonic Plague

  14. Treatment • Bacterial infections can usually be treated by using antibiotics. • The first antibiotic was Penicillin which was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. • Penicillin is derived from a fungus and works by eating holes in the cell wall of the bacterial cells

  15. Viruses

  16. Alive? • Viruses are non-living! • They do not carry out respiration. • They do not grow or develop • Cannot reproduce without a host cell

  17. Inner Core Contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with instructions for making copies of the virus Outer protein coat called a capsid May have an additional layer of protein called an envelope Viral Structure

  18. Viral Structure • 4 major shapes of virus • Helical • Polyhedral • Studded Envelope • Polyhedral with leg-like extensions

  19. Viral Reproduction • Lytic Cycle (eg. The flu) • Very Fast (about 30 minutes) • Takes over host cell’s genetic material • Kills the host cell quickly • Lysogenic Cycle (HIV virus, herpes simplex 1) • Not fast • A provirus is formed-it becomes part of the host cell’s chromosome • Changes the host cell, doesn’t kill it quickly • Can enter the lytic cycle at any time, usually because of some sort of stress

  20. Lytic Cycle

  21. Lysogenic Cycle

  22. Viral Diseases • Herpes • Chicken Pox • Influenza • Meningitis • Measles • Mumps

  23. Treatments for Viral Diseases • Vaccines- alert the immune system without causing the illness • Anti-viral drugs • Many have no cures but simply medicines to control symptoms

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