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Microbial Worlds: Bacteria, Viruses, and Classification

Dive into the microbial universe with a detailed look at bacteria and viruses, their classification, structures, and characteristics. Explore the diversity of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria in extreme and common environments. Learn about bacterial arrangement, shapes, and examples of diseases they cause. Unveil the mysteries of viral structures, reproduction cycles, and diseases like herpes and influenza. Discover treatments like antibiotics, vaccines, and antiviral drugs used to combat microbial infections.

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Microbial Worlds: Bacteria, Viruses, and Classification

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  1. MICROBES !!! Bacteria and Viruses

  2. Bacteria: Classification and Structure

  3. What are the 6 Kingdoms? • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  4. Classification of Bacteria • Archaebacteria: extremists • Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

  5. Archaebacteria • Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

  6. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs • Found everywhere • Parasites: live off of other organisms • Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

  7. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Photosynthetic: make their own food from light • Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red • ponds, streams, moist areas

  8. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs • Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen • Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

  9. Structure of Bacteria • Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

  10. Arrangement • Paired: diplo • Grape-like clusters: staphylo • Chains: strepto

  11. Shape • Rod: bacillus • Spheres: coccus • Spirals: spirillum

  12. Examples • Streptococcus: chains of spheres • Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals • Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

  13. Bacterial Diseases • Pneumonia • Strep Throat • Meningitis • Salmonella • Cholera • Bubonic Plague

  14. Treatment • Bacterial infections can usually be treated by using antibiotics. • The first antibiotic was Penicillin which was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. • Penicillin is derived from a fungus and works by eating holes in the cell wall of the bacterial cells

  15. Viruses

  16. Alive? • Viruses are non-living! • They do not carry out respiration. • They do not grow or develop • Cannot reproduce without a host cell

  17. Inner Core Contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with instructions for making copies of the virus Outer protein coat called a capsid May have an additional layer of protein called an envelope Viral Structure

  18. Viral Structure • 4 major shapes of virus • Helical • Polyhedral • Studded Envelope • Polyhedral with leg-like extensions

  19. Viral Reproduction • Lytic Cycle (eg. The flu) • Very Fast (about 30 minutes) • Takes over host cell’s genetic material • Kills the host cell quickly • Lysogenic Cycle (HIV virus, herpes simplex 1) • Not fast • A provirus is formed-it becomes part of the host cell’s chromosome • Changes the host cell, doesn’t kill it quickly • Can enter the lytic cycle at any time, usually because of some sort of stress

  20. Lytic Cycle

  21. Lysogenic Cycle

  22. Viral Diseases • Herpes • Chicken Pox • Influenza • Meningitis • Measles • Mumps

  23. Treatments for Viral Diseases • Vaccines- alert the immune system without causing the illness • Anti-viral drugs • Many have no cures but simply medicines to control symptoms

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