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Excretory Systems

Excretory Systems. Garrett Hood. Excretion?. The excretory system is responsible for getting rid of waste products from the body of the animal. Primarily nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia and urea

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Excretory Systems

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  1. Excretory Systems Garrett Hood

  2. Excretion? • The excretory system is responsible for getting rid of waste products from the body of the animal. • Primarily nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia and urea --Without excretion, there would be an unhealthy buildup of unnecessary byproducts of other body processes.

  3. How does it fit in the scheme of things?

  4. Evolution of Excretory Organs • One-celled organisms? • No need for excretory organs due to constant contact with environment Sorry.

  5. Where does it start? • Flatworms (Planaria) • Flame cells • Contain cilia to direct metabolic wastes through excretory canals

  6. Annelids • Nephridia • Contain ciliated tunnel that absorb helpful compounds • Remnants pass to primitive bladder • Excreted through pores

  7. Arthropods • Insects are the first to show more developed intestines • Malpighian tubule • Cells absorb essential nutrients as fluid travels down length

  8. Humans • Primary to human excretion are the kidneys • Urine flows from kidney through ureter where it is stored in the bladder, then expelled via urethra

  9. Why kidneys are special • Composed of two layers • Medulla and cortex • Divided into smaller units—nephrons • “top” of nephron makes up cortex, longer portion forms medulla

  10. More kidney.. • In the proximal tube, some useful molecules (plus water) are absorbed back into bloodstream • Waste molecules are added to the urine • Filtered urine passes through loops that remove more water • Waste finally ends up in the renal pelvis, which collects urine from various collecting ducts

  11. What gets expelled? • Primarily products of nitrogen, in the forms of urea and uric acid • Animals unconcerned with water-loss convert ammonia to urea, which is a watery product • Uric acid is common in reptiles and birds (especially in hot environments) and is less watery, to conserve water • (think white bird goo)

  12. Diseases • Kidney stones • Extremely painful, can be microscopic or very large (in relation) • Large stones sometimes require surgery • Nephrosis • Excretion of unhealthy amounts of protein unprocessed by the kidneys • Characterized by foamy urine

  13. Gout • Buildup of unprocessed uric acid • Commonly travels through blood to toes, causes joint pain • Also can turn into kidney stones

  14. Works Consulted • http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5531760_excretory-system-diseases-disorders.html • http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalphysiology/osmoregulation/osmoregulation.htm • http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/kidney.htmhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio105/kidney.htm • http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/excretion.html • http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookexcret.html

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