The Five Themes of Geography

1. The Five Themes of Geography

2. 900 AD 1492 AD 1621 AD 2000 BC Looking at the Earth History is the study of events over time.

3. Geography - the study of distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

4. Geographers use a variety of tools: Maps Photographs Charts Graphs and Tables Scale Models Five Themes of Geography

5. Location: where is it? Place: what is it like? Region: how are places similar or different? Human-Environment Interaction: how do people relate to the physical world? Movement: how do people goods, and ideas move from one place to another? Five Themes of Geography

6. LOCATIONWhere is it? Absolute Location: the exact place on earth where a geographic feature, such a city, is found. • Relative Location: describes a place in comparison to other places around it.

7. Latitude Imaginary lines north and and south from the equator. N 900 300 200 100 Equator 00 100 00 100 200 100 200 200 300 300 900 300 S W E 1800 1800 Prime Meridian Longitude Imaginary lines east and west from the Prime Meridian.

8. Together, latitude and longitude form a GRID SYSTEM.

9. Locate the following using the map on pages A4-A5. 1. City closest to 30S / 150E 2. Country bounded by 0S, 15S, 15E, 30E 3. City closest to 60N / 45E 4. Islands between 15N, 30N, 150W, 165W 5. Country through which 75N, 40W pass 6. You are at 15S / 90E. Do you need a car or a boat? 7. What is at 90N / 180W? 8. Country through which 55N, 0E pass.

10. N 900 900 S Hemispheres The Earth is divided at the equator into two halves. Each half is called a hemisphere or half-circle. Northern Hemisphere Equator 00 Southern Hemisphere

11. Use the map on pages A2-A3 to determine the hemisphere in which each place is located. Write North or South. 1. United States 2. Congo Basin 3. Rio de Janeiro 4. Gobi Desert 5. Red Sea 6. Cape Horn

12. Hemispheres The Earth is also divided east and west. Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere International Dateline 1800 Longitude Prime Meridian 00 Longitude

13. Use the map on pages A2-A3 to determine the hemisphere in which each place is located. Write East or West. 1. Siberia 2. Aleutian Islands 3. Puerto Rico 4. Arabian Peninsula 5. Andes Mountains 6. Mariana Islands

14. PLACE What is it like? Climate Bridges Vegetation Buildings Landforms

15. Using the categories listed on the previous page as a starting point, make a list of everything you can think of that would describe Houston to someone who has never been here. Work with your partner. You have five minutes.

16. REGIONHow are places similar or different? Three types of regions Formal Regions: defined by Climate Culture Vegetation Continental area Land use

17. REGION • Perceptual Regions: defined by what people perceive or “see” as characteristic of the region. Functional Regions: defined interactions and connections between places.

18. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONHow do people relate to the physical world? Houses Crops Protection Engineering Animals Food Sources Jobs Transportation Clothes

19. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION With your partner, brainstorm examples of how people living in the Houston area interact with their environment. Use the examples on the previous page as a starting point. You have 5 minutes.

20. MOVEMENTHow do people goods, and ideas move from one place to another? Linear Distance: how far Time Distance: how long Psychological Distance: how far away we think or feel a place is.

21. MOVEMENT Working with your partner, brainstorm at least one example of each of the three types of distance. You have 5 minutes.