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Ethos & Argument

Ethos & Argument. 4.17.2013. Ethos. What is ethos? . Ethos defined (in book). “skilled presentation of a writer’s or speaker’s character”(123). “reputation” (123). “presence on stage”(123). A speaker’s “impact on the audience”(123). Speaker’s “credibility”(125). Ethos. Situated.

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Ethos & Argument

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  1. Ethos & Argument 4.17.2013

  2. Ethos • What is ethos?

  3. Ethos defined (in book) • “skilled presentation of a writer’s or speaker’s character”(123). • “reputation” (123). • “presence on stage”(123). • A speaker’s “impact on the audience”(123). • Speaker’s “credibility”(125)

  4. Ethos Situated Invented Invent a character/ethos through careful word choice, structure, etc. Show that the speaker is informed. Demonstrate that the writer is trustworthy Show that the speaker is of good character. • Reputation already established by historical relationship, event relationship, relationship to speaker’s characteristics. • Embedded in social situations/social status • Power & authority often assigned • Depends on context

  5. “Voice” • Creating character through stylistic choices in writing • Creating tone: cheerful, optimistic, funny, angry, gloomy, hopeful, critical, etc. • Creating relationship to audience • Closeness, intimacy, understanding, sympathy

  6. THE PRESIDENT:  Good morning, everybody.  I’ve just been briefed by my national security team, including FBI Director Mueller, Attorney General Holder, Secretary Napolitano, and my Counterterrorism and Homeland Security Advisor Lisa Monaco, on the attacks in Boston.  We continue to mobilize and deploy all appropriate law enforcement resources to protect our citizens, and to investigate and to respond to this attack. Obviously our first thoughts this morning are with the victims, their families, and the city of Boston.  We know that two explosions gravely wounded dozens of Americans, and took the lives of others, including a 8-year-old boy. This was a heinous and cowardly act.  And given what we now know about what took place, the FBI is investigating it as an act of terrorism.  Example

  7. Why is ethos important? • Builds relationship between speaker or writer and his/her audience. • Allows audience to feel that the speaker is trustworthy and credible

  8. Presenting your issue & Thesis • Issue Question: • Should college be more affordable? • Should the law allow human genes to be patented? • Should everyone have access to financial aid? • Does technology help facilitate human communication or hinder it? • Should there be rent control in the Bay Area? • What is the best way to stimulate the Oakland economy? • Is computer-generated imagery, or C.G.I., ruining the magic of cinema or enhancing it? • Is there an environmentally friendly way to increase oil production in the US? • Can violent movies create crime?

  9. Thesis • Needs to take an opinion (Claim, position, argument) • Present a side/perspective • Present reason • “Yes, violent movies can spur criminal activity BECAUSE it desensitizes viewers to violence, makes crime casual, and creates an alternative reality where consequences don’t matter” • “No, violent movies do not encourage criminal behavior, environmental, social, and psychological factors are the strongest contributors in making someone commit a crime” • “While social and psychological environments are a major component in criminal behavior, violent movies can exacerbate the tendency to act out that behavior on others”

  10. Developing supporting points • Thesis: “Yes, violent movies can spur criminal activity BECAUSE it desensitizes viewers to violence, makes crime casual, and creates an alternative reality where consequences don’t matter” • Counter argument: violent movies are not the direct cause • Supporting point (1) desensitizes viewers • Supporting point (2) makes crime casual • Supporting point (3) creates an alternative reality where consequences don’t matter

  11. Developing Supporting Points • “While social and psychological environments are a major component in criminal behavior, violent movies can exacerbate the tendency to act out that behavior on others” • Counter argument (1) social and psychological environments are a major component • Supporting point (1) violent movies allow viewer to escape reality of consequences • Supporting point (2) violent movies can ignite emotional responses that might not have existed otherwise • Supporting point (3) allows individual to idolize violence

  12. Developing paragraphs • Workshop on developing your ideas through explanation, support, and connection.

  13. Homework • Complete Unit 7: Showing Logical relationships with transition words • Read Chapter 7: Reasoning with Audiences; Logic on the ground of a critical situation • Create short outline (Issue question, thesis, 3-5 supporting points with evidence/quotes selected from research) • Draft

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