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An Overview of Legal Aspects related to Remote Sensing

An Overview of Legal Aspects related to Remote Sensing. Cynthia Jimenez Monroy UN/Russian Federation/ European Space Agency Workshop on Use of Micro-Satellite Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Impact to human Health. Moscow, Russia. Flow of the presentation.

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An Overview of Legal Aspects related to Remote Sensing

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  1. An Overview of Legal Aspects related to Remote Sensing Cynthia Jimenez Monroy UN/Russian Federation/ European Space Agency Workshop on Use of Micro-Satellite Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Impact to human Health. Moscow, Russia

  2. Flow of the presentation • International space law regime • UN Principles • Remote Sensing Principles • Frequent questions about legal aspects of RS • PhD Project • Conclusions

  3. International space law regime United Nations Treaties • Outer Space Treaty • Registration Convention • Liability Convention • Moon Agreement • Rescue of Astronauts Agreement

  4. Principles and declarations Principles adopted by the General Assembly • Declaration of Legal Principles Governing Space Activities. • Broadcasting Principles • Remote Sensing (RS) Principles • Nuclear Power Sources Principles • Declaration on International Cooperation

  5. Remote sensing activities • Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space. (1986) • Legality of remote sensing activities • Main purposes of RS: natural resources management, land use, protection of the Earth’s natural environment (Principle I (a), Principle X) and protection of mankind from natural disasters (Principle XI) = SD

  6. Frequent questions about legal aspects of RS • 1. Does the sensing State need to inform the sensed State when is sensed its territory? • Is it legal that sensing States take pictures of other countries without their consent?

  7. Answer 1 • The sensing State does not need prior consent from the sensed State. Freedom of observation is inferred from the RS Principles and the OST by some experts. • Permanent sovereignty over wealth and national resources (Principle IV)

  8. Frequent questions about legal aspects of RS • 2. In the role of sensed State: can I ask to the sensing State for data concerning my territory? Is it legal that information concerning my territory is at the disposal of third parties?

  9. Answer 2 • Yes, the sensed State shall have access to information concerning its territory on a non discriminatory basis and on reasonable cost terms (Principle XII) • Freedom of dissemination of information • Data policy • National regulations. Restrictions on access to some data, for instance: VHR imageries

  10. Frequent questions about legal aspects of RS • High cost of space activities. 3. How developing countries could participate in remote sensing activities.

  11. Answer 3 International cooperation in RS activities • International and regional agreements • Examples of international cooperation: CEOS, IGOS, The International Charter for Natural Disasters

  12. PhD Project • Minisatellite constellation for RS applications (Faster, Cheaper, Better) • Regional agreement • Reaching solutions to regional problems • Effective use of Outer Space

  13. Conclusions • 1. There is an international legal framework for space activities (5 Treaties & 5 Principles) • 2.Principles of RS= legality of RS activities • 3. Regional cooperation is crucial for Latin American countries to perform long term space projects in order to solve common problems

  14. Thank you c.jimenez.monroy@umail.leideuniv.nl

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