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AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO JACKSON

AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO JACKSON. Pre-Colonial America. Spain – dominant European power Conquistadors – 3 G’s Smallpox and the start of slavery. Early English Settlements. Roanoke – Lost Colony Jamestown – 1606 (Virginia Company)

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AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO JACKSON

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  1. AP REVIEW PART I COLONIZATION TO JACKSON

  2. Pre-Colonial America • Spain – dominant European power • Conquistadors – 3 G’s • Smallpox and the start of slavery

  3. Early English Settlements • Roanoke – Lost Colony • Jamestown – 1606 (Virginia Company) • Joint-stock company: a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king • English not prepared – high death rates from starvation and disease (wife jerky) • Indian relations – one sided benefit

  4. Growth of Virginia (Chesapeake Region) • John Rolfe – King tobacco • Impacts of success • Creates need for more land = end of Indians • Creates need for more labor = indentured servants • Profitability draws more colonists • Begins southern single crop dependence • Irony of 1619 • Virginia House of Burgess (first step to self-gov) • First shipment of African slaves

  5. Pilgrims and Mass Bay Company • Puritan movement in England creates need for new religion • Separatists leave England to create a new community in the Americas – Mayflower 1620 • Mayflower Compact – governments power comes from the consent of the governed

  6. Mass Bay Colony • Congregationalists (change church from within ) form larger colony in 1629 (better funded & prepared) • Congregationalists and Separatists do not tolerate religious freedom (IRONIC?) • Roger Williams banished (creates Rhode Island) • Anne Hutchinson banished for preaching antinomianism

  7. City Upon a Hill – John Winthrop • American exceptionalism is the idea that the United States and the American people hold a special place in the world, by offering opportunity and hope for humanity, derived from a unique balance of public and private interests governed by constitutional ideals that are focused on personal and economic freedom.

  8. Development of Proprietary Colonies (Gifts from the King) • Maryland – Lord Baltimore (Catholic) – created as a haven for Catholics became partially tolerant of Protestants (1649) • Pennsylvania – William Penn and the Quakers • Pacifist, tolerant (religious and Native American) • Carolina • North Carolina (resembles Virginia but more independent) • South Carolina – settled by Englishmen from Barbados – slave trade rises • Eventually most proprietary colonies returned to royal ownership • NE Confederation leads to Dominion of NE

  9. Growth of American Slavery • Indentured Servants • Primary source of labor until Bacon’s rebellion • African Slaves • Initially expensive with similar contracts to indentured servants • Develops into ‘modern’ version with elimination of rights and permanent (hereditary) status as property

  10. More Colonies • New York – Had been New Netherland until Dutch were overtaken • Georgia – Debtor colony created to allow repayment through work

  11. Regional Differences • Southern • Anglican, single crop, rural, labor dependent, shorter life span • New England • Most religious, urban & rural combination, diverse economy, longer life span, lowest labor needs • Middle • Truly middle, tolerant, independent, diverse economy, lower labor needs

  12. Relationship between the Colonies and Britain • Policy of salutary neglect stimulates autonomy and self-government while fueling mercantilism • European struggles for power move to America • French Indian War • Albany Plan • Treaty of Paris 1763

  13. Acts for Revenue Sugar Act (1st) Stamp Act (Most protest) Townshend Acts Acts for Control Quartering Act Declaratory Act Intolerable Act Colonial responses Stamp Act Congress Boston Massacre Sons of liberty Boston Tea Party Committees of correspondence First / Second Continental Congress Pre-Revolution Issues

  14. Initial Actions Propaganda Militia Declaration of Independence Olive Branch Petition Comparing the Combatants Colonists ill equipped, poorly trained and led but have HOME FIELD and a motivating cause British have best trained and funded army in the world fighting far from home with weak leaders War for American Independence

  15. Revolutionary Ideology • Enlightenment, Egalitarianism, Civic Virtue • Birth of ‘Republican Motherhood’ • Major issues in the new Republic • Role of popular sovereignty • Economic atmosphere • Social atmosphere

  16. Outcomes of American Revolution • Treaty of Paris 1783 • Independence / Territory / Resumption of Trade • New Government • Articles of Confederation • Weak = no executive, no power to tax, collect, or borrow, no power to regulate trade (BIG) • NW Ordinance • Rules for statehood • Problems lead to Constitutional Convention

  17. Creation of a Constitution • Compromise = Key • NJ Plan: Articles of Conf with more power • VA Plan: Three branches, bicameral leg, proportional reps • Great (Connecticut) Compromise: Proportional rep + uniform rep • 3/5 Compromise: Settles rep and tax status of slaves • No slave discussion till 1807

  18. Adoption of the Constitution • Federalist vs. Antifederalist • Bill of Rights • GW – First President • Jefferson vs. Hamilton • Interpretation, Assumption, National Bank, Formation of two-party system • Key actions (Whiskey Rebellion, Jay’s Treaty, Pinckney’s Treaty) • Elements of Farewell Address

  19. #2 John Adams • No GW – more intellectual but no charisma • Federalist Agenda • Peace (X,Y,Z and Convention of 1800) • Eliminate opposition (Alien & Sedition) • KY / VA resolutions = nullification • Pack the courts (Judiciary Act of 1801) • Marbury v. Madison

  20. #3 Thomas Jefferson • Revolution of 1800 • Legacy • Louisiana Purchase / Lewis & Clark • Leaves federalist programs intact • Leaves problem with France/Britain to Madison (Embargo of 1807)

  21. MADISON Macon’s Bill No 2 War of 1812 Unity? Hartford Convention Treaty of Ghent Tariff of 1816 Protectionism!!! MONROE Henry Clay – American System Panic of 1819 Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine #4 James Madison /#5 James Monroe

  22. John Marshall and the Supreme Court • Key Decisions: • McCulloch v. Maryland – National Bank vs. states rights • Gibbons v. Ogden – Congress only has power to regulate interstate commerce • Dartmouth v. Woodward – protects contracts against domination from state governments • Used Supreme Court to define and support Federal government • Used Supreme Court to limit popular control and foster a stable business community

  23. #6 John Quincy Adams • Corrupt Bargain (Clay = Sec of State) • Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abomination) • Political football – Scheme to create lose/lose for Adams • NE oks to protect industry • South deeply upset – major consumers of manufactured goods • Potential intrusion into slavery – loss of prestige/power in federal government • Calhoun authors “The Exposition” – VP • Policies increase voter turnout and create the “Era of the Common Man”

  24. Ideals Jeffersonian Rags to riches Spoils system Executive leadership Union first Actions Nullification crisis SC vs. US Indian relocation Role of the Supreme Court Bank of US #7 Andrew Jackson

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