56 ° 46 ° 30 ° 18 °

1. A ray of light in air is incident on an air-to-glass boundary at an angle of 30° with the normal. If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.65, what is the angle of the refracted ray within the glass with respect to the normal? • 56° • 46° • 30° • 18°

2. A ray of light in air is incident on an air-to-glass boundary at an angle of 30° with the normal. If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.65, what is the angle of the ray reflected off the glass surface with respect to the normal? • 56° • 46° • 30° • 18°

3. If carbon tetrachloride has an index of refraction of 1.461, what is the speed of light through this liquid? (c = 3 x 108 m/s) • 4.38 x 108 m/s • 2.05 x 108 m/s • -4.461 x 108 m/s • -1.461 x 108 m/s

4. If the critical angle for internal reflection inside a certain transparent material is found to be 48°, what is the index of refraction of the material? (Air is outside the material). • 1.35 • 1.48 • 1.49 • 0.743

5. Helium-neon laser light has a wavelength in air of 632.8 nm. What is the energy of a single photon in the beam? (h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s and c = 3 x 108 m/s). • 3.14 x 10-19 J • 5.4 x 10-19 J • 7.6 x 10-19 J • 1.15 x 10-18 J

6. A certain kind of glass has an index of refraction of 1.65 for blue light and an index of refraction of 1.61 for red light. If a beam of white light (containing all colors) is incident at an angle of 30°, what is the angle between the red and blue light inside the glass? • 0.22° • 0.45° • 1.90° • 1.81°

7. A light beam is incident upon a still water surface. What is the maximum possible value for the angle of refraction? (nwater = 1.333). • 76.2° • 67.5° • 54.4° • 48.6°

8. A beam of light is incident upon a flat piece of glass (n = 1.50) at an angle of incidence of 30°. Part of the beam is transmitted and part is reflected. What is the angle between the reflected and transmitted rays? • 79.5° • 90.0° • 130.5° • 140°

9. An optical fiber is made of clear plastic with index of refraction n = 1.50. For what angles with the surface will light remain within the plastic "guide"? • Θ < 66.6° • Θ < 57.1° • Θ < 51.7° • Θ < 48.2°

10. An underwater scuba diver sees the sun at an apparent angle of 45° from the vertical. How far is the sun above the horizon? (nwater = 1.333) • 9.9° • 13.8° • 19.5° • 27.0°

11. A small underwater pool light is 1m below the surface of a swimming pool. What is the radius of the circle of light on the surface, from which light emerges from the water? (nwater = 1.333). • 0.57 m • 0.77 m • 1.13 m • 1.43 m

12. If total internal reflection occurs at a glass-air surface, • no light is refracted. • no light is reflected. • light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle greater than the critical angle. • light is leaving the air and hitting the glass with an incident angle less than the critical angle.

13. Dispersion occurs when? • some materials bend light more than other materials. • a material slows down some wavelengths more than others. • a material changes some frequencies more than others. • light has different speeds in different materials.

14. When one shines red light and green light on the same place on a piece of white paper, the spot appears to be? • yellow. • brown. • white. • black.

15. When light from air hits a smooth piece of glass with the ray perpendicular to the glass surface, the part of the light passing into the glass? • will not change its speed. • will not change its frequency. • will not change its wavelength. • will not change its intensity.

16. Light in air enters a diamond (n = 2.42) at an angle of incidence of 30°. What is the angle of refraction inside the diamond? • 11.9° • 20.0° • 23.8° • 27.6°

17. One phenomenon that demonstrates the wave nature of light is? • photoelectric effects. • quantization effects. • absorption of light by an electron. • interference effects.

18. A line representing a wavefront for a wave should be drawn? • from the source to the receiver. • from one crest to the preceding crest. • along one of the crests of the wave. • in the direction the wave is moving.

19. One phenomenon that demonstrates the particle nature of light is? • the photoelectric effect. • diffraction effects. • interference effects. • the prediction by Maxwell's electromagnetic theory.

20. When light of one wavelength from air hits a smooth piece of glass at an angle, which of the following will not occur? • reflection • refraction • dispersion • All of the choices will occur.

21. When light from air hits a smooth piece of glass (n = 1.5) with the ray perpendicular to the glass surface, which of the following will occur? • reflection and transmission at q2 = 0° • refraction at q2 = 41.8° • dispersion • all of the choices will occur

22. According to present theories of light, in some experiments light seems to be? • composed of particles which can neither be created nor destroyed. • a particle whose quantized energy depends on its velocity. • a wave which moves from one place to another if there is material to vibrate. • none of the choices

23. The wave-particle duality of light means that, in the same experiment, • light will act both like a wave and like a particle. • light will act either like a wave or like a particle. • light will not act like either a wave or a particle. • light always exists as two waves or as two particles.

24. When Roemer estimated the speed of light from the eclipses of a moon of Jupiter, he observed that the time between eclipses was increasing when? • Earth was moving away from Jupiter. • Earth was approaching Jupiter. • Earth was closest to Jupiter. • Earth was on the other side of the sun from Jupiter.

25. An oil film floats on a water surface. The indices of refraction for water and oil, respectively, are 1.333 and 1.466. If a ray of light is incident on the air-to-oil surface at an angle of 37° with the normal, what is the angle of the refracted ray at the oil-to-water surface? • 18.1° • 24.2° • 26.8° • 37.0°

26. A ray of light is incident on the mid-point of a glass prism surface at an angle of 25° with the normal. For the glass, n = 1.55, and the prism apex angle is 30°. What is the angle of incidence at the glass-to-air surface on the side opposite where the ray entered the prism? • 14.2° • 22.1° • 28.2° • 46.0°

27. A ray of light is incident on the mid-point of a glass prism surface at an angle of 25° with the normal. For the glass, n = 1.55, and the prism apex angle is 30°. What is the angle of refraction as the ray enters the air on the far side of the prism? • 14.1° • 22.3° • 28.4° • 46.0°

28. An oil film floats on a water surface. The indices of refraction for water and oil, respectively, are 1.333 and 1.466. If a ray of light is incident on the air-to-oil surface at an angle of 37° with the normal, what is the incident angle at the oil-to-water surface? • 18.1° • 24.2° • 27.3° • 37.0°

29. A light ray passes from air through a thin plastic slab (n = 1.3) with parallel sides. If the incident ray in air makes an angle of 45° with the normal, what is the angle of refraction for the final ray as it emerges from the opposite side of the plastic into the air? • 33° • 45° • 67° • 58.5°

30. In an experiment to measure the speed of light using the notched-wheel apparatus, the distance between wheel and mirror is 24 km and the wheel has a total of 1000 evenly spaced notches. What minimum rotational speed must the wheel have to allow the reflected pulse to pass through an open notch on the opposite side of the wheel from where the pulse originated? (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s) • 0.52 rev/s • 3.1 rev/s • 6.3 rev/s • 12.5 rev/s

31. A fish is 1.2 m beneath the surface of a still pond of water. At what angle must the fish look toward the surface (measured with respect to the normal to the surface) in order to see a fisherman sitting on a distant bank? (for water, n = 1.333) • 18.6° • 37.2° • 48.6° • Fish will not see fisherman at any angle.

32. A ray of light is incident on a liquid-to-glass interface at an angle of 35°. Indices of refraction for the liquid and glass are, respectively, 1.63 and 1.52. What is the angle of refraction for the ray moving through the glass? • 23° • 30° • 38° • 46°

33. A ray of white light, incident upon a glass prism, is dispersed into its various color components. Which one of the following colors experiences the greatest angle of deviation? • orange • violet • red • green

34. A ray of light travels across a liquid-to-glass interface. If the indices of refraction for the liquid and glass are, respectively, 1.75 and 1.52, what is the critical angle at this interface? • 30.0° • 52.2° • 60.3° • Critical angle does not exist.

35. A ray of light travels from a glass-to-liquid interface at an angle of 35°. Indices of refraction for the glass and liquid are, respectively, 1.52 and 1.63. What is the angle of refraction for the ray moving through the liquid? • 23.2° • 32.3° • 38.4° • 46.0°

36. A fiber optic cable (n = 1.50) is submerged in water (n = 1.33). What is the critical angle for light to stay inside the cable? • 83.1° • 62.4° • 41.8° • 27.6°

37. If light from a 560 nm monochromatic source in air is incident upon the surface of fused quartz (n = 1.56) at an angle of 60°, what is the wavelength of the ray refracted within the quartz? • 192 nm • 359 nm • 560 nm • 874 nm

38. What is the angle of incidence on an air-to-glass boundary if the angle of refraction in the glass (n = 1.52) is 25°? • 16° • 25° • 40° • 43°

39. A monochromatic light source emits a wavelength of 490 nm in air. When passing through a liquid, the wavelength reduces to 429 nm. What is the liquid's index of refraction? • 1.26 • 1.49 • 1.14 • 1.33

40. Fused quartz has an index of refraction of 1.56 for light from a 560 nm source. What is the speed of light for this wavelength within the quartz? (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s) • 1.56 x 108 m/s • 1.92 x 108 m/s • 2.19 x 108 m/s • 4.68 x 108 m/s

41. If the wavelength of a monochromatic source is 490 nm in vacuum, what is the wavelength from the same source when it passes through a liquid where the velocity of light is 2.4 x 108 m/s? (c = 3 x 108 m/s) • 671 nm • 612.5 nm • 490 nm • 392 nm

42. Light from a 560 nm monochromatic source is incident upon the surface of fused quartz (n = 1.56) at an angle of 60°. What is the angle of reflection from the surface? • 15° • 34° • 60° • 75°

43. According to Planck's formula, tripling the frequency of the radiation from a monochromatic source will change the energy content of the individually radiated photons by what factor? • 0.33 • 1.0 • 1.73 • 3.0

44. Which one of the following scientists made a successful estimate of the speed of light by taking into account the interval of time delay for one of Jupiter's moons? • Galileo • Roemer • Fizeau • Snell

45. Which one of the following scientists first measured the speed of light using a rotating toothed wheel technique? • Galileo • Roemer • Fizeau • Snell

46. If the velocity of light through an unknown liquid is measured at 2.4 x 108 m/s, what is the index of refraction of this liquid? (c = 3 x 108 m/s) • 1.8 • 1.25 • 1.33 • 0.80

47. Monochromatic light hits a piece of glass. What happens to the wavelength in the glass as the index of refraction increases? • decreases • increases • remains constant • approaches 3 x 108 m

48. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an air-to-glass boundary? • total reflection • total transmission • partial reflection, partial transmission • partial reflection, total transmission

49. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an air-to-glass boundary at less than the critical angle? • total reflection • total transmission • partial reflection, partial transmission • partial reflection, total transmission

50. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle? • total reflection • total transmission • partial reflection, partial transmission • partial reflection, total transmission