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LECTURE IV

LECTURE IV. MATTER, ENERGY AND LIFE IN ECOSYSTEM. WHAT IS MATTER?. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. There is none in the universe that is not matter. Every single thing – visible or not – is matter, including the entire universe itself. WHAT IS ENERGY?.

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LECTURE IV

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  1. LECTURE IV MATTER, ENERGY AND LIFE IN ECOSYSTEM

  2. WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. There is none in the universe that is not matter. Every single thing – visible or not – is matter, including the entire universe itself.

  3. WHAT IS ENERGY? Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Work involves a force and a subsequent displacement of an object from its original position. Energy, then, is about moving objects from one place to another, whether such energy is large or small.

  4. WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM? Ecosystem has components that interact with one another in such a way that balance is created and maintained.

  5. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ABOUT MATTER AND ENERGY EXCHANGES The principles of conservation of matter and thermodynamics provide a basis for understanding the dynamic interactions of matter and energy in living systems, from the cellular to ecosystem levels.

  6. COSERVATION OF MATTER Conservation of matter has a direct bearing on human relationship with the biosphere. We use natural resources to produce an incredible amount of disposable consumer goods. “everything goes somewhere”

  7. THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGY TRANSFERS The study of thermodynamics deals with how the energy is transferred in natural process. It deals specifically with the relationship between heat, work, energy.

  8. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS Thermodynamics deals with how energy is transferred in natural process. It deals with the relationship between heat, work and energy. Heat is the transfer or flow of energy as a result of temperature difference. Work is the transfer of energy that is due to a difference in temperature.

  9. 1) First law of thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics is the principle of physics that recognizes that energy is conserved. “energy may be transferred or transformed, but is not lost”

  10. 2) Second law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics is a principle of physics that recognizes that with each successive energy transfer or transformation, less energy is available for work. “left to themselves, things tend to degenerate”.

  11. WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS? Homeostasis (from the Greek term which literally means “to stand equally”) refers to the dynamic balance in a living ecosystem. The human body must maintain homeostasis with respect to numerous internal facts, including concentration of water and mineral nutrient, hormones, temperature, etc.

  12. ENERGY FLOW THROUGH ECOSYSTEM The energy captured by producers and consumers is temporarily stored until one organism eats another.

  13. FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEBS Plants and animals are linked together by feeding relationships into food chains an food webs. A primary producer, a herbivore and a carnivore from a simple chain.

  14. GRASS MOUSE OWL producer herbivore carnivore (primary producer) (primary consumer) (secondary consumer)

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