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Masonry

Masonry. Terms F 15-1 -> 15-5 Go thru all figures Joints between brick = ¼ inch. Brick. F 15-6 Go thru sizes for brick Compressive strength range 2500psi – 22,000psi T 15-1 shows mortar strength Brisk wall only as strong as weakest part. Brick. Pattern bonds How bricks are laid

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Masonry

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  1. Masonry

  2. Terms • F 15-1 -> 15-5 • Go thru all figures • Joints between brick = ¼ inch

  3. Brick • F 15-6 • Go thru sizes for brick • Compressive strength range 2500psi – 22,000psi • T 15-1 shows mortar strength • Brisk wall only as strong as weakest part

  4. Brick • Pattern bonds • How bricks are laid • Running bond – only stretcher courses with head joints centered over stretchers • Common bond – header course repeated at regular intervals – usually 5th,6th or 7th course • Flemish – bond – alternates stretchers and headers in each course headers are centered over stretchers • English bond - alternate courses of headers and stretchers • Stack – no interlocking – architectural effect • F 15-7

  5. Hollow Masonry Walls • Masonry Cavity Walls • Two masonry wythes separated by a 2” minimum airspace and held together with metal ties • Advantages over single masonry wall: greater resistance to moisture penetration, better thermal and acoustical insulation, excellent fire resistance • Utility wall – made from utility brick, two walls with brick used to bond walls together

  6. Hollow Masonry Walls • Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls • Hollow walls are filled with grout and rebar to provide strength • Can be precast • Provides a strong wall with exterior finish – uses less concrete

  7. Bond Beams and Lintels • Bond Beam • Continually reinforced horizontal beam of concrete or masonry designed to provide additional strength and prevent cracking • Frequently placed in foundations and at roof levels • Lintel – short beam of wood, steel, or reinforced brick masonry to span opening in masonry wall • Masonry arch • F15-11

  8. Control Joints • Expansion Joints • Used to permit differential movement due to movement of floor slabs, foundation • Separate walls into sections with vertical expansion joints Joints at doors and windows, columns, pilasters, wall offsets, cross walls, under shelf anglesin multistory buildings • Control Joint – cut into masonry wall to control shrinkage cracking

  9. Control Joints • Structural bonding • Flexible ties extending across joint or interlocking construction • F 15-12 • Flashing – layers of impervious material • Used above vertical joints, roof and wall junctions, window sills, other projections, chimneys • F15-13

  10. Concrete Masonry • Concrete Block • Concrete Tile • Solid load bearing concrete block • Over 75% concrete • Hollow load bearing concrete block • Hollow non- load bearing concrete block • Hollow block = at least 25% of core area is empty

  11. Concrete Masonry • Either heavy weight or light weight concrete blocks • Blocks can either be laid using mortar or laid dry • If dry use parging to join block together • F 15-14

  12. Reinforced Concrete Masonry • Provides additional strength and prevents cracking • F15-15, 15-16 -> 18

  13. Pattern Bond • Running bond most common • F 15-20

  14. Estimating Quantity • Bricks • 1. Calculate net surface area of wall • 2. calculate surface area of 1 brick including mortar • 3. divide wall area by brick area • 4. multiply by number of wythes in wall • 5. add an amount for waste

  15. Estimating Quantity • Mortar • Volume per brick =(t)(W)(L+H+t) • t = mortar thickness • W = brick width/depth inches • L = length of bricj inches • H = height of brick inches • Add 25% waste • For double wall must add in for mortar in space

  16. Wind load on Fresh Masonry • Need to brace fresh wall until mortar has cured • F 15-24 • Safe unbraced height = (Wt of wall / unit of surface x wall thickness)/wind force • T 15-3

  17. Mortar • Must be well mixed • Must have correct mix of fines and coarse material • Must not be used more than 2.5 hours after initial mixing

  18. Placing Masonry and Reinforcing • CMU and brick absorb water • Should be stored dry • Should be wetted before use and allowed to surface dry • Joints must be tooled for watertight joints

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