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Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). Main tasks 2 kHz distance measurements to 60 satellites Precision: 2.5 mm single shot; <<1 mm NPs Single photon detection / day and night Spin Parameter Determination Multi-Static Laser ranging to space debris Preparing for the future:

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Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)

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  1. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) • Main tasks • 2 kHz distance measurements to 60 satellites • Precision: 2.5 mm single shot; <<1 mm NPs • Single photon detection / day and night • Spin Parameter Determination • Multi-Static Laser ranging to space debris • Preparing for the future: • ELT: European Laser Timing Experiment [ps] • Quantum Cryptography via Satellites • SLR to Nano-Satellites • Refereed publications (since Jan 2013) • Total: 15 (first author: 2) IRNNS: Quasi-Geostationary; 04-04-2014 IWF/ÖAW

  2. Who arewe? • Lead: Georg Kirchner • Members • Staff: H. Allmer, F. Koidl, R. Stieninger • four students for SLR measurements during part of nights • Cooperation within IWF • Gravity Field Group (Baur et al.):SLR and debris orbit determination • Key external collaboration • USA: ILRS/NASA; ESA; Czech Technical University; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Germany: BKG IWF/ÖAW

  3. >100 sats or >>200 passes/day Solution: • kHz SLR • Pass Switching … • ≥1000 Pts/NP:about 0.2 mm • No NPs <100 pts NOW: Tracking 60 satellites, with > 100 passes per day Future: >100 satellites, with >200 passes per day PLUS: Space Debris, Quantum Cryptography, Time Transfer, Nano-Sats … IWF/ÖAW

  4. Envisat • Envisat • Eight retros: signatures visible • Used for precise spin period deter-mination „Flat“ spin with stable orientation • Envisat: spin parameters from SLR • Spins with 130 s, +36.7 ms per day • “Flat” spin: stable spin axis orientation • Retrosvisible only in 50% of passes (east in morning, west in evening) IWF/ÖAW 4

  5. Graz Debris Laser Ranging 2013 • In 13 sessions, each 2–3 h at early evening (objects visible):>200 passes of ~60 objects; up to >3000 km; low elevation IWF/ÖAW 5

  6. SLR to Space Debris: Graz Results • Multistatic Experiment • One active station (Graz) fires laser pulse • Photons are reflected from satellite body • Several passive stations receive photons • Pseudo ranges added in single pass • POD of space debris significantly improved Distances: Graz – Wettzell: 400 km Graz – Zimmerwald: 600 km Graz – Herstmonceux: 1200 km IWF/ÖAW 6

  7. C-SPAD 200 µm 0.3 nm Sensicam CCD: Day 1 nm SAP-500 500 µm 30 mm 0.3 nm 15 mm M2 50 mm M1 50 mm F=50 mm F=100 mm IR-SPAD 80 µm M4 50 mm 1064 nm ISIT: Night 600 – 900 nm Instrumental Development • New options • 532 nm standard • 532 nm debris • 1064 nm debris • 1030 nm debris • All cameras here • ISIT Box: Space for Quantum Detector (4 SPAD detectors) Spare … • Future tasks • Different wavelengths/detectors: 532 / 1064 nm; 1030 nm; 808 nm; 710 nm • All switch mirrors and filters: Remote Control • Fast switching between different tasks: Routine ILRS SLR / debris / Quantum Cryptography etc. • Dual/Multi-color SLR possible IWF/ÖAW 7

  8. Future Plans: 2015-2016 • Tracking ILRS Satellites (increasing up to 100) • HEO: 30 Galileo, 26 GLONASS, 8 IRNNS, 10 Compass; (GPS: 2018 +) • >10 additional (mainly Earth observation) satellites: ICESat-2, Jason-3, Sentinel-3… • Spin determination • Continuous SLR time series are essential for most scientific results (POD, ITRF, EOPs, …) Space Debris • Optimize technology for debris ranging • Single-Photon DART • Bi- & multi-static debris ranging Additional Experiments • Time transfer (ACES/ELT) • Quantum Cryptography with Chinese Sat • SLR to several Nano-/Cube-Sats Planned: Jason-3 over California Live Situation Display in Graz IWF/ÖAW

  9. Thank you IWF/ÖAW 9

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