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Wood Metal Fastener Identification

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Wood Metal Fastener Identification

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    1. Wood & Metal Fastener Identification Mrs. Anz & Ms. Hicks

    2. History of the Nail Date back to 3400 BC Found in Egypt Now there are 2,200 varieties of nails

    3. Hand-made Nails 1st nails were hand made Used until the early 18th century Used for sheathing and roof boards

    4. Type-A Cut Nails Used from 1790-1830 First machine-made nails

    5. Type-B Cut Nails Used from around 1820-1900 Made similarly to the Type-A nails

    6. Wire Nails Still used today Made from steel, not iron Rapidly made by machine

    7. Naming System Penny Used everywhere by 1477 AD Name was developed by determining how much 100 nails would cost. Example: 100 3-1/2” nails could be purchased for 16 pence (pennies) The letter “d” was later used to represent penny.

    8. History of the Screw The philosopher Archytas is said to have invented the screw. The first screws became common around the 1st century BC Metal screws and nuts were not invented until around the 15th century. The slot headed screw was the first screw to be used Worked well but was troublesome for power drivers

    9. History of the Screw The Phillips head screw was invented in the early 1930s by Henry F. Phillips. The Robertson screw was invented in Canada by P.L. Robertson in 1908. Also known as the square-drive screw.

    10. Nail Selection Common Has a flat head Can have a smooth or spiral shank Has a diamond point Can be made out of mild steel, stainless steel, or copper and silicon bronze. Has a bright finish 4-14 inches long

    11. Nail Selection Box Has a flat or large flat head Can have a smooth, ringed, or spiral shank Has a diamond point Can be made of aluminum, mild steel, or stainless steel Can have a bright, phoscoated, or electro galvanized finish ¾ to 5 inches long

    12. Nail Selection Finishing Has a finishing head Has a smooth or spiral shank Has a diamond point Made of mild steel Can have a bright or blued finish 1 to 4 inches long

    13. Nail Selection Concrete Has a flat counter-sink head Has a spiral shank Can have a conical, blunt diamond, or diamond point Made of high carbon steel Has a heat treated finish ½ to 3 inches long

    14. Nail Selection Gypsum Wallboard Has a gypsum wallboard or flat head Can have a smooth, spiral, or ringed shank Can have a diamond or long diamond point Made of mild steel Can have a bright, blued, or electro galvanized finish 1-1/8 to 2 inches long

    15. Nail Selection Roofing Has a large flat or flat head Has a smooth shank Has a diamond point Made of aluminum or mild steel Can have a bright or hot-dip galvanized finish ¾ to 2 inches long

    16. Show What You Know Nail Selection Common Box Finishing Concrete Gypsum Wallboard Roofing ¾-5” long Heat treated finish Hot dip galvanized finish 4-14” long Gypsum Wallboard or flat head Finishing head

    17. Screw selection (Head shapes) Flat For countersinking flush with or below the surface Oval For partial countersinking Pan Recommended to replace round headed screws, for use with washer or thin side pieces

    18. Screw selection (Drive Shapes) Slot Common use Phillips and Pozidrive To minimize screwdriver slipout Square recess To minimize screwdriver slipout Hex-drive For use with a driver bit

    19. Screw selection (Shanks) Double lead For faster turning, requires greater torque Single lead For shorter screws (less than 1”) Tapping For better penetration; higher strength; designed for sheet metal but can be used on wood.

    20. Screw Selection (Points) Gimlet For wood and some tapping screws Blunt For some tapping screws Self-tapping For use on metal, has bit on end to drill pilot hole.

    21. Lag Screws Used in place of bolts where nut location would be inaccessible Sometimes used for split ring and shear plate joints Size: ¼ to 1 inch

    22. Show What You Know Screw Selection Flat Double lead Pan Tapping Phillips Hex-Drive Self-Tapping Lag Faster turning Minimize screwdriver slip-up Use with driver bit Used in place of bolts Use on sheet metal/wood Countersinking Has bit on end to drill pilot hole Use with washer or thin side pieces

    23. Bolts Finished hexagon bolt For countersinking flush or below the surface. ¼ to 1-1/2 inch diameter Square headed machine bolt Same as hex bolt ¼ to 2 inch diameter

    24. Bolts Machine bolt Used where flush surface is required ½ to 1-1/4 inch diameter Carriage bolt Used where head may be inaccessible during tightening #10 – ¾ inch diameter

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