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Immigration and its Effects on and Reception in Rural US Society

Immigration and its Effects on and Reception in Rural US Society. Presented by: Cory Drexel and Eric Fay. Intro to Immigration. Immigration is and probably always will be a major of legislation.

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Immigration and its Effects on and Reception in Rural US Society

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  1. Immigration and its Effects on and Reception in Rural US Society Presented by: Cory Drexel and Eric Fay

  2. Intro to Immigration • Immigration is and probably always will be a major of legislation. • In 1970, Congress established a formal process allowing the foreign born to become U.S. citizens(CBO 2). • Lawful Permanent Residents is the only category that “immigrant” is applied to.

  3. EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGATION From 2000-2005, 4.5 million legal immigrants were admitted permanent residence. While Immigrants move for a variety of reasons, only 15-20% immigrate for employment reasons. The estimated number of unauthorized aliens in 2004 was 10 million. (Congressional Budget Office 5)

  4. Who is admitted for Employment? • Priority Workers with exceptional ability in a skill. • Professionals holding advanced degrees. • Workers in occupations deemed to have labor shortages. • Religious or other special workers, and • People willing to invest largely in businesses located in the U.S. (CBO 5)

  5. Employment in Rural Areas • Economic Threat is a major basis for the reactions to immigration. • Economic Threat is a perception that job markets and the economy will suffer due to immigrant influx. • Most legal aliens do not immigrate for employment, those that do have little to offer to rural towns • Not all new residents are immigrants seeking low-skill jobs. (Chandler and Tsai 7)

  6. Reactions to Immigrant related diversity • The greatest negative reaction toward immigrants is from those with less educational ambition and lower income families. • They believe that the employment opportunities available to them can also be filled by immigrants. • Rural communities are resistant to change because of stronger connection to past values. (Gimpel and Lay 5)

  7. Reactions to Immigrant related diversity, cont. • Family business is a strong hallmark of rural community, farming and otherwise. • This contributes to a conservative attitude. • Conservative attitude in rural community is probably rooted in a desire to protect livelihood. • In contrast, urban workers have less quarrel with this, as they find existing conditions unsatisfying. (Gimpel and Lay 6, 7)

  8. Rootedness in a Rural Community • Rootedness is the concept of resisting change in rural communities • Rural communities are resistant to change because of stronger connection to past values. • Values handed down warn against interactions with other races. • (Gimpel and Lay 6, 9)

  9. Opposition to Diversity • As always, opposition to immigration results from animosity between groups for the chance of economic growth. • One would expect that those with a less permanent basis in the area would be more opposed to diversity and immigrants. • As seen momentarily, opposition to diversity was more serious amongst those more rooted in the area. (Gimpel and Lay 3, 5, 13)

  10. Opposition to Diversity In Immigrant-Receiving Areas (Gimpel and Lay 15)

  11. Reaction to Immigration This is expected, as those more firmly rooted in past values are more likely to be intolerant. What is surprising is the families with lower incomes seemed to be more welcoming of immigrants. Another interesting note is that those with higher education were more accepting of immigrants. (Chandler and Tsai 9)

  12. Education Variables on Attitude toward Immigration (Chandler and Tsai 7)

  13. Conclusion Based on the information we’ve reported so far: Rural resistance to change is due to rootedness in past values. Economic threat is a major factor in reaction to immigration. Level of education is indicative of acceptance toward immigration.

  14. References Congressional Budget Office. A CBO Paper, Immigration Policy in the United States. February 27, 2006. Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office. August 6, 2008. <http://www.cbo.g ov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7051/02-28-Immigration.pdf>. Gimpel, James and Lay, J. Celeste. Political Socialization and Reactions to Immigration-Related Diversity in Rural America. July 3, 2008. Rural Sociological Society. July 3, 2008. <http://0-web.ebscohost .com.library.daemen.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=4&hid=120&sid=e37ba 0cf-1fcf4af9-ae5c-e44b9a8f10d9%40sessionmgr103>.

  15. References cont. Chandler, Charles R., and Yungmei Tsai. “Social factors influencing immigration attitudes: an analysis of data from the General Social Survey.” Social Science Journal 38.2 (2001): 177-89.

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