Longest Tennis Match Ever – 11 hr 5 min (2010)

1. Longest Tennis Match Ever – 11 hr 5 min (2010) • Reading: Chapter 5 sections 6-end (quiz) • HW#5.1: DUE THURSDAY • 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 25-35 (odd), 41, 45, 49, 57, 80, 81, 85, 89 • HW #5.2: DUE MONDAY 7/1/14 • 17, 19, 21, 39, 43, 47, 53, 59, 71-77 (all), 83 • For lab tomorrow (dry lab)

2. Calculating Charge of an Ion #p+ - #e- = ionic charge Atom of chlorine: 17 p+ 17 e- - = 0 charge Ion of chlorine: 17 p+ 18 e- - = -1 charge Atom of nitrogen: 7 p+ 7 e- - = 0 charge Ion of nitrogen: 7 p+ 10 e- - = -3 charge Atom of strontium: 38 p+ 38 e- - = 0 charge Ion of strontium: 38 p+ 36 e- - = +2 charge

3. A Bit of Review • Valence electrons • Most atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to get a full valence electron shell • The number of valence electrons in a neutral atom can be found from the periodic table!!

14. A Bit of Review • Valence electrons • Most atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to get a full valence electron shell • The number of valence electrons in a neutral atom can be found from the periodic table!! • Octet “rule”: Most elements need 8 e- to have a full valence electron shell • 2 major exceptions: H and He (2 valence e-)

15. Classification of Compounds • Below is a flow chart for the classification of inorganic compounds.

16. Types of Compounds Ionic Compound : Formed from ions MUST HAVE A METAL!!!!!!! Examples: NaI W(NO3)3 Fe2S3 Non-examples: CO2 P2O5 XeF6

17. Types of Compounds Molecular Compound : NOT formed from ions MUST HAVE ONLY NON-METALS!! Examples: SO3 C6H12O6 H2O Non-examples: K2SO4 PtCl2 Sn(CO3)2

18. Classification of Ions • Below is a flow chart for the classification of ions.

19. Monoatomic Cations • Metal atoms can lose valence electrons and become positively charged cations. • Cations are named for the parent atom followed by the word “ion.” • Na+ is named “sodium ion” • Al3+ is named “aluminum ion”

20. Metals That Form Multiple Ions • If a metal can form more than one cation, it is named for the parent, followed by the charge in Roman numerals in parentheses, followed by the word “ion.” • Fe2+ is the iron(II) ion • Fe3+ is the iron(III) ion

21. Monoatomic Anions • Nonmetals can gain valence electrons and become negatively charged anions. • Monoatomic anions are named by dropping the end of the element name and adding the suffix –ide. • Br- is the bromide ion • O2- is the oxide ion • N3- is the nitride ion

22. Did you get it? Element Valence e- Ion charge Ion name iodine 7 -1 iodide aluminum 3 +3 aluminum ion phosphorus 5 -3 phosphide barium 2 +2 barium ion

23. 2+ Be Summary of Ions (the letters) Monatomic ions • Some charges can be predicted based on group number

24. Summary of Ions (the letters) Monatomic ions • Some charges can be predicted based on group number • Cation name is the same as element name with ion added element: zinc (Zn) ion: zinc ion (Zn2+) element: cesium (Cs) ion: cesium ion (Cs+) • Anion name changes ending of element name to ide element: nitrogen (N) ion: nitride (N3-) element: iodine (I) ion: iodide (I-)

25. Summary of Ions (the letters) Poly atomic ion Poly: more than one or many atomic: atoms ion: a positively or negatively charged particle Almost always anions (three exceptions) ammonium -- NH4+ mercury (I) -- Hg22+ hydronium – H3O+

26. Summary of Ions (the letters) Variable Oxidation State metals • Charge can NOT be predicted based on periodic table (ALMOST) ANYTHING IN HERE CAN BE A VOS

27. Summary of Ions (the letters) Variable Oxidation State metals • Charge can NOT be predicted based on periodic table • Can assume multiple ion charges non VOS metal – potassium ion = K+ VOS metal – lead ion = Pb2+ or Pb4+ • The charge of VOS metals MUST be indicated in the name with the use of roman numerals Pb2+ = lead (II) ion Pb4+ = lead (IV) ion

28. Summary of Ions (the letters) Practice: Give the name of the ION of each of these elements rubidium oxygen cadmium carbon rubidium ion oxide cadmium ion carbide selenium phosphorus fluorine lithium selenide phosphide fluoride lithium ion

29. Summary of Ions (the letters) Practice: Give the name OR symbol for these ions: tin (II) ion S2- Fe3+ copper (I) ion Sn2+ sulfide iron (III) ion Cu+ Mg2+ bromide Mn4+ Ag+ magnesium ion Br- manganese (IV) ion silver ion

30. Na F

31. Na F

32. Na F

33. Na Na+ F F- sodium ion fluoride ion fluoride ion

34. Let’s bond Bond: • Ionic • Ionic: Pertaining to or occurring in the form of ions • Bond: something that binds, fastens, confines, or holds together • Must be both a cation and an anion present • Total charge is zero

35. Let’s bond • Formula Unit: • An individual unit formed by the union of two or more ions (huh?)

36. Formula Unit

37. Ca Ca2+ Cl- Cl Cl- Cl chlorine chloride formula unit made up of 1 Ca2+ and 2 Cl- CaCl2

38. Nomenclature (the words)

39. Nomenclature (the words) • Ionic Compounds • MUST contain either a metal or ammonium (NH4+) • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) Ionic Compounds: NaCl (NH4)2SO3 Al(NO3)3 NOT Ionic Compounds: CO2 HPO42- PCl3

40. Nomenclature (the words)

41. Nomenclature (the words) • Molecular Compounds • MUST contain only nonmetals • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) P2Br5 C6H12O6 NH3 Molecular Compounds: AlCl3 SO42- NH4NO3 NOT Molecular Compounds:

42. Nomenclature (the words)

43. Nomenclature (the words) • Aqueous Acids • MUST begin with at least one hydrogen • MUST end with a subscript (aq) • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) Aqueous Acids: H3AsO4(aq) HC2H3O2(aq) HF(aq) NOT Aqueous Acids: LiBr(aq) HCl NH3(aq) HCl(aq)