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PRE-HISTORY (time before writing or this class:)

PRE-HISTORY (time before writing or this class:). Scientists who search for human origins. Archeologists excavate early settlements & study evidence (artifacts, bones) Anthropologist study culture thru artifacts Paleontologists study fossils.

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PRE-HISTORY (time before writing or this class:)

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  1. PRE-HISTORY (time before writing or this class:)

  2. Scientists who search for human origins • Archeologists excavate early settlements & study evidence (artifacts, bones) • Anthropologist study culture thru artifacts • Paleontologists study fossils

  3. Artifacts - human made objects such as tools & jewelry (can tell us how people dressed, worked or worshipped) • Culture-people’s unique way of life

  4. LUCY(complete skull of an female adult hominid who lived 3.5 mil yrs ago) found by David Johanson in Ethiopia in 1974

  5. 1978 near Laetoli Tanzania, Mary Leakey found prehistoric footprints made 3.6 mil years ago

  6. Prints left by australopithecines (human like beings) aka: • Hominids, a group that includes humans & other species that walk upright • dev opposable thumbs (crucial to make tools, hold objects)

  7. Paleolithic or Old Stone Age (2.5 mil to 8000 BC) had: a. invention of tools b. Dev of language c. Mastery of fire *AKA the Ice Age as glaciers advanced & retreated

  8. Neolithic Age or New Stone Age(8000 to 3000 BC) a. People learned to make polished stone tools b. make pottery, c. grow crops d. raise animals

  9. Homo hablis: 2.5 mil years a. found in Olduvai gorge, made crude tools

  10. Homo erectus: 1.6 mil yrs a. Dev technology, migrated from Africa to Asia, Eur & India b. 1st to use fire, beginning of spoken language

  11. Homo-sapiens have larger brains & include: Neanderthals: 200,000-30,000 years ago • Dev ritual burials, religious beliefs, built shelters, made tools

  12. Homo sapiens alsoinclude: • Cro-Magnons- • 40,000 years ago • 5.5 feet tall • Planned hunts • Spoken language

  13. Advances in Technology and Art

  14. Early people were Nomads (highly mobile, moved to search for food) • Develop technology: ways • of applying • knowledge, • tools & • inventions to • meet needs

  15. Used bone, wood, & stone to create tools (knives, hooks, needles, harpoons) • And for weapons: spears, axe

  16. Necklaces of claws, polished bone • Sculptures • Cave paintings using paint from charcoal, mud & blood

  17. Beginning of Agriculture: Neolithic Revolution caused by: • rising temps led to longer growing season • Pop rose, so need new sources of food • Slash and burn farming

  18. Domestication (taming) of animals such as pgs, horses, dogs goats (driven in to be slaughtered, later raised) • Farming dev independently all over world : Africa in Nile Valley, China in Huang He, Mexico, Peru in Andes

  19. Civilization develops!!

  20. Stable communities dev based on agriculture • food surpluses (thanks to irrigation, tools) allow other skills to develop • Trade dev w/ new products created (wheel and sail allow goods to move over long distances)

  21. What is a Civilization? • It is an advanced society that is highly organized . • Don’t write: Civilizations are characterized by: 1. permanent settlements, 2. trade, labor, workers 3. government, laws, religion & social hierarchy 4. written language, 5. achievement in technology, art & architecture.

  22. 5 Characteristics 1. Advanced Cities/Settlements • Not just size of pop • City is center of trade for large area • Market for goods

  23. 5 Characteristics 2. Specialized Workers • Specialization: dev of skills in a specific kind of work • surplus of food allowed people to become experts in other areas. • Artisans: skilled workers who make goods by hand

  24. 5 Characteristics .3. Complex Institutions (govt/Religion) • Institution: long lasting pattern of organization in a community • Examples include govt, religion & economy • Need to maintain order & est laws

  25. 4. Record Keeping • As govt, econ & religion get more complex, people needed way to keep records. (taxes, laws, rituals etc) • Most develop system of writing • Later write about dramatic events

  26. 5. Improved Technology • New tools & techniques needed to solve problems Ex: plows, pottery wheels • Change from stone & copper to bronze • Art & architecture develop

  27. Social classes (w/ wealth, power, influence) emerge as special groups of workers form • Religion more organized w/ gods/goddesses who they believed had power over nature • Rituals & traditions develop

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