The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs

1. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Lesson 4 Joseph C. Blumenthal

2. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Suppose that you wish to point out that your friend Harry is happy. You would not be likely to say— Happy Henry Henry happy Is either of these pairs of words a sentence? (yes, No)

3. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Suppose that you wish to point out that your friend Harry is happy. You would not be likely to say— Happy Henry Henry happy Is either of these pairs of words a sentence? (yes, No)

4. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henry happy • Henry is happy. Which one of these groups of words is a sentence?

5. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henry happy • Henry is happy. Which one of these groups of words is a sentence?

6. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henryis happy The adjective happy by itself cannot make a statement about Henry. We can change a to a sentence by adding the verb ________.

7. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henryis happy The adjective happy by itself cannot make a statement about Henry. We can change a to a sentence by adding the verb ___ is___.

8. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henryis happy The verb is helps to turn the adjective happy into a statement about the subject ________.

9. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Happy Henry • Henryis happy The verb is helps to turn the adjective happy into a statement about the subject __ Henry _.

10. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Henrywashed the car. • Henryis happy Which sentence does not contain an action verb?

11. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • Henry washed the car. • Henryis happy Which sentence does not contain an action verb? b

12. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henryis happy The verb is does not show action like washed or fixed. What does it do? The verb is ties up or links the adjective happy with the subject ________, which it describes.

13. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henryis happy The verb is does not show action like washed or fixed. What does it do? The verb is ties up or links the adjective happy with the subject ___Henry__, which it describes.

14. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henryis happy The verb is does not show action like washed or fixed. What does it do? The verb is ties up or links the adjective happy with the subject Henry, which it describes.

15. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henry was the chairman. In this sentence, the verb was ties up or links the noun ________ with the subject Henry, which it identifies.

16. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henry was the chairman. In this sentence, the verb was ties up or links the noun chairman with the subject Henry, which it identifies.

17. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henry ishappy. Henry was the chairman. A verb like is or was is called a linking verb because it links a noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows it with the _________ of the sentence.

18. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Henry ishappy. Henry was the chairman. A verb like is or was is called a linking verb because it links a noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows it with the __subject__ of the sentence.

19. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Be is by far the most common linking verb. Be sure that you can recognize its various forms. FORMS OF BE: is, am , are-was, were, being, been The crops . . . good. Which forms of be could be used to link good with crops in the above sentence?

20. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Be is by far the most common linking verb. Be sure that you can recognize its various forms. FORMS OF BE: is, am , are-was, were, being, been The crops . . . good. Which forms of be could be used to link good with crops in the above sentence? are, were, have been, or had been

21. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs I . . . the first speaker. FORMS OF BE: is, am , are-was, were, being, been Which forms of be could be used to link speaker with I in the above sentence?

22. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs I . . . the first speaker. FORMS OF BE: is, am , are-was, were, being, been Which forms of be could be used to link speaker with I in the above sentence? am, was, or had been

23. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs We have seen that some action verbs make complete statements about their subjects and that others do not. • The enginestarted. • The engine uses . . . In which sentence does the action verb make a complete statement?

24. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs We have seen that some action verbs make complete statements about their subjects and that others do not. • The enginestarted. • The engine uses . . . In which sentence does the action verb make a complete statement? a

25. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs However, a linking verb cannot by itself make a complete statement about its subject. Since the purpose of a link is to connect two things, a linking verbmust be followed by a complement that it can link with the ______ of the sentence.

26. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs However, a linking verb cannot by itself make a complete statement about its subject. Since the purpose of a link is to connect two things, a linking verb must be followed by a complement that it can link with the subject of the sentence.

27. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The paintwas . . . (What?) Was the paint wet, dry, or sticky? Until we add a word that the linking verb was can connect with the subject, the meaning of the sentence is (complete, incomplete).

28. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The paintwas. . . (What?) Was the paint wet, dry, or sticky? Until we add a word that the linking verb was can connect with the subject, the meaning of the sentence is (complete, incomplete).

29. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The paintwassticky. The complement sticky describes the subject _________.

30. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The paintwassticky. The complement sticky describes the subject __ paint ___.

31. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Now instead of using an adjective to complete our sentence, we shall use a noun as our complement. Angelawas…(What?) Angela was the driver. The complement driver completes the meaning of the sentence and identifies the subject _________.

32. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Now instead of using an adjective to complete our sentence, we shall use a noun as our complement. Angelawas…(What?) Angela was the driver. The complement driver completes the meaning of the sentence and identifies the subject __ Angela __.

33. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs A complement that follows a linking verb and describes or identifies the subject is sometimes call a predicate nominative, predicate adjective, or subject complement. In this text, we shall use the term subject complement. It is called a subject complement because it describes or identifies the __________.

34. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs A complement that follows a linking verb and describe or identifies the subject is sometimes call a predicate nominative, predicate adjective, or subject complement. In this text, we shall use the term subject complement. It is called a subject complement because it describes or identifies the _subject__.

35. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The subject complement brings us to our third sentence pattern: PATTERN III: Subject—Linking Verb ← Subject complement • A forest ranger guards our forests. • A forest ranger’s life is rather lonely. Which sentence is an example of Pattern III?

36. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The subject complement brings us to our third sentence pattern: PATTERN III: Subject—Linking Verb ← Subject complement • A forest ranger guards our forests. • A forest ranger’s life is rather lonely. Which sentence is an example of Pattern III? b

37. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Some cameras are very expensive. The subject complement that follows the linking verb in this sentence is ________.

38. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Some cameras are very expensive. The subject complement that follows the linking verb in this sentence is expensive.

39. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs FORMS OF BE: am, is, are—was, were, been Although a form of be can be used by itself as a linking verb, it is often used as a helper with the main verb. • The leavesare green. • The leavesare falling. In which sentence is are used as a helper?

40. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs FORMS OF BE: am, is, are—was, were, been Although a form of be can be used by itself as a linking verb, it is often used as a helper with the main verb. • The leaves are green. • The leavesare falling. In which sentence is are used as a helper? b

41. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • The leavesare green. • The leavesare falling. Which sentence contains a subject complement?

42. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • The leavesaregreen. • The leaves are falling. Which sentence contains a subject complement?

43. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • The fans were cheering. • The fans were enthusiastic. One of the italicized words is part of an action verb; the other is a subject complement. The subject complement is the word ________.

44. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs • The fans were cheering. • The fans were enthusiastic. One of the italicized words is part of an action verb; the other is a subject complement. The subject complement is the word enthusiastic.

45. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Be is not the only linking verb. Among other verbs that can serve as linking verbs are seem, become, appear, look, feel, and get (when it means become). The candidate appeared cheerful. The linking verb in this sentence is ________.

46. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs Be is not the only linking verb. Among other verbs that can serve as linking verbs are seem, become, appear, look, feel, and get (when it means become). The candidate appeared cheerful. The linking verb in this sentence is appeared.

47. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The animals . . . cold. Underline the two words that can be used as linking verbs in the above sentence. feel like look avoid

48. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs The animals . . . cold. Underline the two words that can be used as linking verbs in the above sentence. feel like look avoid

49. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs a. The customer feelsthe material. b. The weather feelsmuggy. You can be sure that a verb is a linking verb if you can put some form of be (is, am, are-was, were, been) in its place. In which sentence can you substitute is for feels?

50. The Sentence Pattern Built on Linking Verbs a. The customer feelsthe material. b. The weather feelsmuggy. You can be sure that a verb is a linking verb if you can put some form of be (is, am, are-was, were, been) in its place. In which sentence can you substitute is for feels?