The history of Outdoor Adventure

1. The history of Outdoor Adventure By Callum van Aswegen

2. Where it began • According to the research I have done, they have gone into depth of where and who the first originators of outdoor adventure where. They looked into the nature and evolution of humans and according to them it is not unreasonable to say that the early hominids were the originators of outdoor adventure. The early homeo sapiens were trained how to live in the world and in the wild. I agree with this fact and research. However it could be argued that the mammals and animals were the originators of outdoor adventure because they too teach their young how to live and survive in the wild. • Modern outdoor adventure has really only happened in the last 100 years, before then most of our time was spent outside, before permanent walls as such were created to keep us inside. These walls now keep large amounts of people inside • In a modern sense, the first formal camps for schools students appeared in the late 19th century. Around this time and in the early 20th century there was also the evolution of programs such as the Scouts, which adapted many of the principles and skills associated with military training and life for peacetime education of civilians. • Now days many outdoor histories look at the early 20th century as the history of outdoor adventure with examples such as William Hammer man, who in 1930 started outdoor education residency programmes. As well as the development of the Outward Bound programme in 1941 which is commonly referred to as the beginning of outdoor education. • 2500 BC Egyptians explored their surrounding world, thus making the first recorded traces of planned adventure.

3. "Expeditions can greatly contribute towards building strength of character. Joseph Conrad in Lord Jim tells us that it is necessary for a youth to experience events which 'reveal the inner worth of the man; the edge of his temper; the fibre of his stuff; the quality of his resistance; the secret truth of his pretences, not only to himself but others.' Kurt Hahn • Outward Bound was founded in the tumultuous (making an uproar or loud, confused noise) waters of the North Sea during World War II, to provide young sailors with the experiences and skills necessary to survive at sea. • Kurt Matthias Robert Martin Hahn (5 June, 1886 - 14 December, 1974) • The first Outward Bound program was inspired by Dr Kurt Hahn , a German educator, who responded to the needs of Lawrence Holt, head of the Blue Funnel Shipping Line, a merchant shipping company. However the problem was that Holts seamen were not surviving as well as their older counter parts in lifeboat situations. • Hahn had an idea, he thought that it was due to the fact that the younger seaman had not had enough life experience. His idea was to teach the young men to: • Compete with ones physical fitness and by doing so it pushes the body and mind building determination and discipline • Expeditions, by both sea and land and this pushes the endurance of each young man and challenging tasks • Projects that involve manual handling and building craftsman ship skills • Rescue services, like lifesaving techniques fire fighting skills and first aid • Hahn believed in education and wanted to develop deep qualities of character and compassion. Hahn believed that a hands on approach to education was to help develop this character and wanted to set practical challenges. • Outward Bound was a chance for Kurt to experiment with his educational ideas by trying out an intensive “shot in the arm” type of learning. • The aim of Outward Bound was that it would give young men a real life experience of intense mini scenarios that they would over come which would build their self belief and capacity. • The early evidence proved to be working, sailors were surviving. Hahn insisted that the ideas were already out there, he simply put them into practice, along with his educational experiments. • Hahn's philosophy revolved around the importance of helping students to discover their true capabilities by impelling them into experiences that would help them to find their greater capacities.  • For Hahn, it was the educator's responsibility to impel and to support the student.  Hahn was stern with his teachers and instructors -- for any student to fail to reach his/her potential was a failure of the teacher, not of the student.

4. A time line of history of the scout and girl guide movement • Oct. 31, 1860 Birth of Juliette Gordon • 1910 Girl Guide movement begins in England •  1911 Juliette meets Sir Robert Baden-Powell, founder of Boy Scouts in England, and his sister, Agnes Baden-Powell founder of Girl Guides in England Juliette starts a Girl Guide company (troop) in the Scottish valley where she is spending the summer. • 1914 Trefoil design for membership badges is patented and becomes the official membership symbolBynow, 22 proficiency badges are in existence • 1915 • Girl Scout membership reached 200 troops, 5,000 girls • Juliette Low sells her pearls to support the Girl Scout Movement • First Annual Convention held in Washington, DC • A Constitution and Bylaws are adopted • Juliette Gordon Low is elected National President of the Girl Scouts, 1915-1920 • National membership dues of 25 cents adopted • 1918 Design of the Girl Scout Pin to include the letters "GS“ • 1929 At the end of the year there are over 200,000 Girl Scouts • 1932 March 12 is designated as the official Girl Scouts birthday, our Chalet opened in Adelboden, Switzerland, a gift of Mrs. Helen Storrow of Boston • 1937 25th anniversary of Girl Scouting in the United States National and International Silver Jubilee encampment held at Camp Andree Clark; 100 girls from the USA and 26 other countries came together to celebrate • 1938 • Girl Scout membership reached one half million • Girl Scout program reorganized into three separate groups: • Brownie Girl Scouts, ages 7-10, Intermediate Girl Scouts, ages 10-14 and Senior Girl Scouts ages 14-18 •  Over 1 million boxes of Girl Scout cookies are sold

5. A time line of history of the scout and girl guide movement • 1946 The World Badge adopted at the 11th World Conference in France • 1966Sangam, the fourth World Centre, opens in Poona, India • 1970 30 millionth member of GSUSA is registered • 1972 New wording of Girl Scout Promise and Law are adopted Eight new Cadets Challenges are introduced • 1973 Portrait of Juliette Low is presented to the National Gallery in Washington, D.C.Browniemembership is extended to 6 year olds • 1975 Over 123 million boxes of Girl Scout cookies are sold • 1980 The Silver Award and the Gold Award becomes the second highest and highest awards in Cadette and Senior Girl Scouts Sign of the Rainbow, Sign of the Star, Sign of the Satellite and Bridge to Cadettes introduced into the Junior Girl Scout program • 1989 The National Historic Preservation Centre opens at National Headquarters • 1997 •  85th anniversary of Girl Scouts •  Girl Scouts from all across the United States meet on the mall in Washington, DC, to sing songs in honor of 85th anniversary •  New interest project book for Cadettes and Seniors is published, stressing community service and career exploration in every badge •  Girl Scouts continues to be the largest voluntary organization for girls in the world

6. 3 factors that have influenced girl scout movements Oct. 31, 1860 Birth of Juliette Gordon If Juliette Gordon was not born then the movement could have not started and girls could potentially not be doing scouts. She started it and without her it wouldn’t have come about. 1910 Girl Guide movement begins in England. I believe that in England there are plenty of opportunity's, but at the same token its extremely hard to start something and get others involved. The fact is that she started a movement and it went National, and people were interested and keen to get involved. 1930 • World Flag design is adopted •  First all-Indian Girl scout troop registers at the Indian Boarding School in Pawnee, Oklahoma Girl scouting becomes a world wide phenomenon. It grows and there are plenty of girls all over the world wanting to start there own organisations.